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See also:PORT See also:ELIZABETH , a seaport of the Cape See also:province, See also:South See also:Africa, in Algoa See also:Bay, by which name the port is often designated. It lies in 35° 57' S., 25° 37' E. on the See also:east See also:side of Cape See also:Recife, being by See also:sea 436 M. from Cape See also:Town and 384 M. from See also:Durban. In See also:size and importance it is second only to Cape Town among the towns of the province. It is built partly along the seashore and partly on the slopes and See also:top of the hills that rise some 200 ft. above the bay. The Baaken's See also:River, usually a small stream, but subject (as in 1908) to disastrous floods, runs through the town, which consists of four divisions; the See also:harbour and business See also:quarter at the See also:foot of the cliffs, the upper See also:part, a See also:flat table-See also:land known as " The See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
Hill "; " The Valley " formed by the Baaken's River; and " South Hill," east of the river.
The Town.—See also:Jetty See also:Street leads from the See also:north jetty to the See also:market square, in or around which are grouped the See also:chief public buildings —the town-See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall, See also:court-See also:house, See also:post See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office, market buildings, public library, St See also:Mary's See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church (See also:Anglican) and St See also:Augustine's (See also:Roman See also:Catholic). Several of these buildings are of considerable architec• tural merit and See also:fine See also:elevation. The library, of Elizabethan See also:design, contains some 45,000 volumes. The market buildings, at the south-east corner of the square, and partly excavated from the sides of the cliff, contain large halls for the See also:fruit, See also:wool and See also:feather markets and the museum. Feather-Market Hall, where are held the sales of See also:ostrich feathers, seats 5000 persons. The museum has valuable ethnographical and zoological collections. Other public buildings include a See also:synagogue and a See also:Hindu See also:temple. Leading See also:west from Market Square is See also:Main Street, in which are the See also:principal business houses. Between Main Street and the sea is Strand Street, also a busy commercial thoroughfare. Behind the See also:lower town streets rise in terraces to " The Hill," a residential See also:district. Here is an open See also:plot of ground, See also:Donkin Reserve, containing the lighthouse and a See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone See also:pyramid with an inscription in memory of Elizabeth, wife of See also:Sir Rufane Donkin, described as " one of the most perfect of human beings, who has given her name to the town below." A See also:fountain, surmounted by the statue of a See also:war-See also:horse, erected by public subscription in 1905 commemorates " the services of the gallant animals which perished in the Anglo-See also:Boer war, 1899-1902." Farther west is a large See also:hospital, one of the finest institutions of its See also:kind in South Africa. At the See also:southern end of The Hill is St See also:George's See also:Park, which has some fine trees, in marked contrast to the See also:general treeless, barren aspect of the town. Port Elizabeth indeed possesses few natural amenities, but its See also:golf links are reputed the finest in South Africa. The town, apart from its transit See also:trade and the See also:industries connected therewith, has some manufactures—jam and See also:confectionery See also:works; oil, See also:candle and explosive works; saw and See also:flour See also:mills; tanneries, &c. It has an excellent See also:water See also:supply.
The Harbour.—There is no enclosed See also:basin, but the roadstead has excellent holding ground, protected from all winds except the south-east, the prevailing See also:wind being See also:westerly. No harbour or See also:light dues are charged to vessels of any See also:flag. The port has three jetties of wrought See also:iron, respectively 1162, 1152 and 1462 ft. in length, extending to the four fathoms See also:line. These jetties are provided with See also:hydraulic See also:cranes, &c., and See also:railways connect them with the main line, so that goods can be sent See also:direct from the jetties to every part of South Africa. In favourable See also:weather vessels See also:drawing up to 21 ft. can See also:discharge See also:cargo alongside the jetties. In unfavourable conditions and for larger steamers tugs and lighters are employed. Rough weather prevents discharge of cargo by lighters, on an See also:average, seven days in the See also:year. The customs-house and principal railway station are See also:close to the north jetty. The port is See also:state owned, and is under the See also:administration of the harbour and railway See also:board of the See also:Union.
Trade.—Port Elizabeth has a large import trade, chiefly in textiles, machinery, hardware, See also:apparel and provisions, supplying to a considerable extent the markets of See also:Kimberley, See also:Rhodesia, the See also:Orange See also:Free State and the See also:Transvaal. The exports are mainly the See also:pro-ducts of the eastern part of the Cape province, the most important being ostrich feathers, wool and See also:mohair. Skins, hides and See also:maize are also exported. In 1855 the value of the imports was £376,000; in 1883 £2,364,000; in 1898 f6,248,000; in 1903. £10,137,000. Depression in trade brought down the imports in 1904 to £6,855,000. In 1906 they were £6,564,000 and in 1907 £6,004.000. The export trade has been of slower but more steady growth. It was valued at £584,000 in 1855, at £2,341,000 in 1883, £2,103,000 in 1898, £2,010,000 in 1903. Indicative of the fact that the agricultural community was little affected by the trade depression are the export figures for 1904 and 1906, which were £2,044,000 and £2,627,000 respectively. In 1907 goods valued at £3,150,000 were exported.
See also:Population.—The population within the municipal See also:area was at the 1904 See also:census 32,959; that within the district of Port Elizabeth 46,626 of whom 23,782 were whites. Many of the inhabitants are of See also:German origin and the Deutsche Liedertafel is one of the most popular clubs in the town.
See also:History.—Algoa Bay was discovered by See also:Bartholomew See also:Diaz in 1488, and was by him named See also:Bahia da Roca, probably with reference to the rocky islet in the bay, on which he is stated to have erected a See also:cross (St Croix See also:Island). After the See also:middle of the 16th See also:century the bay was called by the Portuguese Bahia da Lagoa, whence its See also:modern designation. In 1754 the Dutch settlements at the Cape were extended eastwards as far as Algoa Bay. The convenience of reaching the eastern district by See also:boat was then recognized and See also:advantage taken of the road-See also:stead sheltered by Cape Recife. In 1799, during the first occupation of Cape See also:Colony by the See also:British, See also:Colonel (afterwards General Sir See also:John) Vandeleur, to guard the roadstead, built a small fort on the hill west of the Baaken's River. It was named Fort See also:Frederick in See also:honour of the then See also:duke of See also:York, and is still preserved. A few houses See also:grew up See also:round the fort, and in 1820 besides the military there was a civilian population at Fort Frederick of about 35 persons. In See also:April of that year arrived in the bay the first of some 4000 British immigrants, who settled in the eastern district of the colony (See CAPE COLONY: History). Under the supervision of Sir Rufane Donkin, acting See also:governor of the Cape, a town was laid out at the See also:base of the hills. In 1836 it was made a free warehousing port, and in 1837 the See also:capital of a small adjacent district. To overcome the difficulty of landing from the road-stead a See also:breakwater was built at the mouth of the Baakens River in 1856, but it had to be removed in 1869, as it caused a serious See also:accumulation of See also:sand. The prosperity which followed the construction of railways to the interior earned for the port the designation of " the See also:Liverpool of South Africa." Railway See also:work was begun in 1873 and Port Elizabeth is now in direct communication with all other parts of South Africa. At the same See also:period (1873) the See also:building of the existing jetties was undertaken. Port Elizabeth has possessed municipal See also:government since 1836. Its predominant British See also:character is shown by the fact that not until 1909 was the See also:foundation stone laid of the first Dutch Reformed Church in the town.
End of Article: PORT ELIZABETH
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