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TROMP

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Originally appearing in Volume V27, Page 305 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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TROMP , the name of two famous Dutch admirals. 1. See also:

MARTIN HARPERTZOON TROMP (1597-1653) was See also:born at See also:Brielle, See also:South See also:Holland, in 1597. At the See also:age of eight he made a voyage to the See also:East Indies in a merchantman, but was made prisoner and spent several years on See also:board an See also:English cruiser. On making his See also:escape to Holland he entered the See also:navy in 1624, and in 1637 was made See also:lieutenant-See also:admiral. In See also:February 1639 he surprised, off the Flemish See also:coast near See also:Gravelines, a large See also:Spanish See also:fleet, which he completely destroyed, and in the following See also:September he defeated the combined fleets of See also:Spain and See also:Portugal off the English coast—achievements which placed him in the first See also:rank of Dutch See also:naval commanders. On the outbreak of See also:war with See also:England Tromp appeared in the See also:Downs in command of a large fleet and anchored off See also:Dover. On the approach of See also:Blake he weighed See also:anchor and stood over towards See also:France, but suddenly altered his course and See also:bore down on the English fleet, which was much inferior to his in See also:numbers. In the engagement which followed (May 19, 1652) he had rather the worst of it and See also:drew off with the loss of two See also:ships. In See also:November he again appeared in command of eighty ships of war, and a See also:convoy of 300 merchantmen, which he had under-taken to guard past the English coast. Blake resolved to attack him, and, the two fleets coming to See also:close quarters near See also:Dungeness on the 3oth of November, the English, after severe losses, drew off in the darkness and anchored off Dover, retiring next See also:day to the Downs, while Tromp anchored off See also:Boulogne ' This was mentioned in the See also:Leipzig Allg. musik. Ztg.

(1815), the merit of the invention being assigned to Heinrich ,Stolzel of Pless in See also:

Silesia. f The gemeine rechte Posaunen, or See also:ordinary trombones, were in A. Without using the slide they gave the subjoined sounds:- -P- till the Dutch merchantmen had all passed beyond danger. of the Ancients, where he unsuccessfully opposed the See also:resolution The statement that he sailed up the Channel with a See also:broom at his masthead in token of his ability to sweep the seas is probably mythical. In the following February (1653), while in See also:charge of a large convoy of merchantmen, he maintained a See also:running fight with the combined English fleets under Blake, See also:Penn and See also:Monk off See also:Portland to the sands of See also:Calais, and, though baffling to some extent the purposes of the English, had the worst of the encounter, losing nine ships of war and See also:thirty or See also:forty merchantmen. On the 3rd of See also:June he fought an indecisive See also:battle with the English fleet under See also:Richard See also:Dean in the Channel, but the arrival of reinforcements under Blake on the following day enabled the English to turn the See also:scale against him and he retired to the Texel with the loss of seventeen ships. Greatly discouraged by the results of the battle, the Dutch sent commissioners to See also:Cromwell to treat for See also:peace, but the proposal was so coldly received that war was immediately renewed, Tromp again appearing in the Channel towards the end of See also:July 1653. In the hotly contested conflict which followed with the English under Monk on the 29th Tromp was shot by a See also:musket See also:bullet through the See also:heart. He was buried with See also:great pomp at See also:Delft, where there is a See also:monument to his memory in the old See also:church. 2. See also:CORNELIUS See also:VAN TROMP (1629-1691), the second son of the preceding, was born at See also:Rotterdam on the 9th of September 1629. At the age of nineteen he commanded a small See also:squadron charged to pursue the See also:Barbary pirates. In 1652 and 1653 he served in Van See also:Galen's fleet in the Mediterranean, and after the See also:action with the English fleet off See also:Leghorn on the 13th of See also:March 1653, in which Van Galen was killed, Tromp was promoted to be See also:rear-admiral.

On the 13th of July 1665 his squadron was, by a hard stroke of See also:

ill-See also:fortune, defeated by the English under the See also:duke of See also:York. In the following See also:year Tromp served under De Ruyter, and on See also:account of De Ruyter's complaints of his See also:negligence in the action of the 5th of See also:August he was deprived of his command. He was, however, reinstated in 1673 by the See also:stadtholder See also:William, afterwards See also:king of England, and in the actions of the 7th and of the 14th of June, against the allied fleets of England and France, manifested a skill and bravery which completely justified his reappointment. In 1675 he visited England, where he was received with See also:honour by King See also:Charles II. In the following year he was named lieutenant-admiral of the See also:United Provinces. He died at See also:Amsterdam, on the 29th of May 1691, shortly after he had been appointed to the command of a fleet against France. Like his See also:father he was buried at Delft. See H. de See also:Jager, Het Geslacht Tromp (1883).

End of Article: TROMP

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