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WALLINGFORD , a See also:market See also:town and municipal See also:- BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
- BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)
borough in the See also:Abingdon See also:parliamentary See also:division of See also:Berkshire, See also:England, 51 M. W. by N. of See also:London by the See also:Great Western railway. Pop. (1901) 2808. It is pleasantly situated in the See also:flat valley of the See also:Thames, on the See also:west (right) See also:bank. The railway station is the See also:terminus of a See also:branch See also:line from Cholsey. Of the churches only St Leonard's, retaining some See also:Norman See also:work and rebuilt approximately on its See also:original See also:plan, with an eastern See also:apse, is of See also:interest. The See also:ancient See also:castle has See also:left only its See also:mound and earthworks, and other See also:works may be traced surrounding the town on the landward See also:side. The town See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall; raised on See also:arches, See also:dates from 167o. The large See also:grammar school was founded in 1659. The See also:trade of the town is principally agricultural; and malting is carried on. The borough is under a See also:mayor, 4 aldermen and 12 councillors. See also:Area, 38o acres.
The site of Wallingford (Warengeford, Walynford, Walyngforth) was occupied by a Romano-See also:British See also:settlement, though the imposing earthworks are of uncertain date—they may be of See also:post-See also:Roman British origin. Wallingford was a fortified town beforethe See also:Conquest, and, though burned by Sweyn in roo6, was much the largest and most important borough in Berkshire at the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of the Domesday Survey. The new castle was so extensive that eight houses had been demolished to make See also:room for it; the market was already in existence, and perhaps also the gild See also:merchant, which in a See also:charter of See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry II. is said to date back to the reign of the See also:Confessor. In the reign of Henry I. the be-ginning of decay is marked by the inability of the town " through poverty " to pay its aid. It is said to have suffered greatly from the See also:Black See also:Death, and its decline was accelerated by the See also:building, in the See also:early 15th See also:century, of two See also:bridges near Abingdon, which diverted the See also:main road between London and See also:Gloucester from Wallingford. Periodical reductions in the See also:fee See also:farm show the See also:gradual impoverishment of the town, and in 1636 its See also:assessment for See also:ship-See also:money was only £20, while that of See also:Reading was £220. Wallingford was a royal borough held in the reign of Henry III. by See also:Richard, See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of the See also:Romans. See also:Edward III. granted the fee farm to the Black See also:Prince and his successors in the duchy of See also:Cornwall. The earliest charters were given by Henry I. and Henry II., the latter confirming the ancient privileges of the borough, which were to be held as the citizens of See also:Winchester held theirs, and granting to the burgesses freedom from See also:toll through-out his dominions. These charters were confirmed and enlarged by Henry III. in 1267 and by See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip and See also:Mary in 1557-1558. In 1648 the See also:corporation consisted of a mayor, three aldermen, a See also:- CHAMBERLAIN (0. Fr. chamberlain, chamberlenc, Mod. Fr. chambellan, from O. H. Ger. Chamarling, Chamarlinc, whence also the Med. Lat. cambellanus, camerlingus, camerlengus; Ital. camerlingo; Span. camerlengo, compounded of 0. H. Ger. Chamara, Kamara [Lat.
- CHAMBERLAIN, JOSEPH (1836— )
- CHAMBERLAIN, JOSHUA LAWRENCE (1828– )
- CHAMBERLAIN, SIR NEVILLE BOWLES (1820-1902)
chamberlain and sixteen burgesses. This constitution was remodelled in 165o by a charter from See also:Cromwell, but the governing charter until the passing of the Municipal Corporations See also:Act of 1835 was that given by See also:Charles II. in 1663, incorporating the town under the See also:style of a mayor, See also:recorder, town clerk, six aldermen, two burgesses, a chamberlain and eighteen assistants of the better sort of the inhabitants. In 1571 See also:Elizabeth issued letters patent empowering the burgesses of Wallingford to take toll of all carts passing over their See also:bridge, in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to provide for its repair and See also:maintenance. Wallingford sent two members to See also:parliament from 1295 to 1832, and one from 1832 to 1885, when its See also:representation was merged in that of the See also:county: before 1832 the See also:franchise was vested in the inhabitants paying See also:scot and See also:lot. The empress Maud took See also:refuge at Wallingford after her See also:- ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli
escape from See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford Castle (1142), and here See also:peace was made between her and See also:Stephen (1153). Wallingford Castle was one of the last fortresses to hold out for Charles I., and during the See also:Commonwealth it was demolished by order of the See also:government. In 1205 the king commanded the See also:sheriff of Oxford to cause a See also:fair to be held at Wallingford at Whitsun for four days, to be continued for three years. In 1227 Swyncombe fair was transferred from the least of St Botolph to the feast of St See also:Mark in order not to interfere with Wallingford fair. Fairs on the days of St See also:Nicholas and of St See also:John the Baptist were granted by Henry VII. in 1500, and the charter of 1663 provided for two markets and four See also:annual fairs. All the latter have fallen into disuse except the Michaelmas fair, which is principally for See also:hiring servants. During the 18th century the town was fairly prosperous and had a See also:good trade in See also:grain and See also:malt.
See See also:Victoria County See also:History, Berks; T. K. Hedges, The History of Wallingford (London, 1881).
End of Article: WALLINGFORD
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