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See also:BRADFORD See also:CLAY , in See also:geology, a thin, rather inconstant See also:bed of clay or See also:marl situated in See also:England at the See also:base of the See also:Forest See also:Marble, the two together constituting the Bradfordian See also:group in the Bathonian See also:series of See also:Jurassic rocks. The See also:term " Bradford Clay " appears to have been first used by J. de. C. See also:Sowerby in 1823 (See also:Mineral Conchology, vol. v.) as an alternative for W. See also:- SMITH
- SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
- SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
- SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
- SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
- SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
- SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
- SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
- SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
- SMITH, G
- SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
- SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
- SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
- SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
- SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
- SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
- SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
- SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
- SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
- SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
- SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
- SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
- SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
- SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
- SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
- SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
- SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
- SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
- SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
- SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
- SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)
Smith's " Clay on Upper Oolite." The clay came into See also:notice See also:late in the 18th See also:century on See also:account of the See also:local abundance of the crinoid Apiocrinus Parkinsoni. It takes its name from Bradford-on-See also:Avon in See also:Wiltshire, whence it is traceable southward to the See also:Dorset See also:coast and northward towards See also:Cirencester. It may be regarded as a local phase of the See also:basement beds of the Forest Marble, from which it cannot be separated upon either strati-graphical or palaeontological grounds. It is seldom more than 10 ft. thick, and it contains as a See also:rule a few irregular layers of See also:limestone and calcareous See also:sandstone. The lowest layer is often highly fossiliferous; some of the See also:common forms being Arca minuta, Ostrea gregaria, Waldheimia digona, Terebratula coarctata, Cidaris bradfordensis, &c.
See H. B. See also:Woodward, " Jurassic Rocks of See also:Britain," Mem.
Geol. Survey, vol. iv. (19o4).
BRADFORD-ON-AVON, a See also:market See also:town in the See also:Westbury See also:parliamentary See also:division of Wiltshire, England, on the See also:rivers Avon and Kennet, and the Kennet & Avon See also:Canal, 98 m. W. by S. of See also:London by the See also:Great Western railway. Pop. of See also:urban See also:district (1901) 4514. Its houses, all built of See also:grey See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone, rise in picturesque disorder up the steep sides of the Avon valley, here crossed by an See also:ancient See also:bridge of nine See also:arches, with a See also:chapel in the centre. Among many places of See also:worship may be mentioned the restored See also:parish See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church of See also:Holy Trinity, which See also:dates from the 12th century and contains some interesting monuments and See also:brasses; and the Perpendicular Hermitage or Tory chapel, with a 15th or 16th century See also:chantry-See also:house. But most notable is the Saxon church of St See also:- LAWRENCE
- LAWRENCE (LAURENTIUS, LORENZO), ST
- LAWRENCE, AMOS (1786—1852)
- LAWRENCE, AMOS ADAMS (1814–1886)
- LAWRENCE, GEORGE ALFRED (1827–1876)
- LAWRENCE, JOHN LAIRD MAIR LAWRENCE, 1ST BARON (1811-1879)
- LAWRENCE, SIR HENRY MONTGOMERY (1806–1857)
- LAWRENCE, SIR THOMAS (1769–1830)
- LAWRENCE, STRINGER (1697–1775)
Lawrence, the See also:foundation of which is generally attributed, according to See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William of See also:Malmesbury (1125), to St See also:Aldhelm, See also:early in the 8th century. It consists of a See also:chancel, See also:nave and See also:porch, in such unchanged See also:condition that E. A. See also:Freeman considered it " the most perfect surviving church of its See also:kind in England, if not in See also:Europe." It has more lately, however, been held that the See also:present See also:building is not Aldhelm's, but a restoration, dating from about 975, and attributable to the See also:influence of See also:Dunstan, See also:archbishop of See also:Canterbury.
See also:Kingston House, See also:long the seat of the See also:dukes of Kingston, is a beautiful example of early 17th-century domestic See also:architecture. The local See also:industries include the manufacture of See also:rubber goods, See also:brewing, See also:quarrying and See also:iron-See also:founding.
Bradford (Bradauford, Bradeford) was the site of a See also:battle in 652 between Kenwal and his kinsman Cuthred. A monastery existed here in the 8th century, of which St Aldhelm was See also:- ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
- ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
- ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
- ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
- ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)
abbot at the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of his being made See also:bishop of See also:Sherborne in A.D. 705. In See also:loot !See also:Ethelred gave this monastery and the town of Bradford to the nunnery of See also:Shaftesbury, in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order that the nuns might have a safe See also:refuge against the insults of the Danes. No mention of the monastery occurs after the See also:Conquest, but the nunnery of Shaftesbury retained the lordship of the See also:manor until the See also:dissolution in the reign of See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry VIII. In a See also:synod held here in 954, Dunstan was elected bishop of See also:Winchester. Bradford appears as a See also:- BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
- BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)
borough in the Domesday survey, and is there assessed at 42 hides. No See also:charter of See also:incorporation is recorded, however, and after returning two members to the See also:parliament of 1295 the town does not appear to have enjoyed any of the privileges of a borough. The market is of ancient origin, and was formerly held on See also:Monday; in the survey the tolls are assessed at 45 shillings. Bradford was at one time the centre of the clothing See also:industry in the See also:west of England, and was especially famous for itsbroadcloths and mixtures, the See also:waters of the Avon being especially favourable to the See also:production of See also:good See also:colours and See also:superior dyes.
The industry declined in the 18th century, and in 1740 we find the woollen merchants of Bradford petitioning for an See also:act of parliament to improve their See also:trade and so re-establish their See also:credit in See also:foreign markets.
End of Article: BRADFORD CLAY
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