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JOHN MOWBRAY

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Originally appearing in Volume V19, Page 743 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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JOHN See also:MOWBRAY , 4th See also:duke (1444-1476), who had already been created See also:earl of See also:Surrey, a See also:title formerly held by his ancestors, the Fitzalans, was the only son of the preceding. The names both of John and of his See also:father appear frequently in the Paston Letters, as both See also:dukes in turn seized Caister See also:castle, which had been See also:left by See also:Sir John See also:Fastolf to John Paston, and the 4th duke held it against the Pastons for some years. On his See also:death in 1476 the dukedom became See also:extinct, but the earldom passed to his daughter See also:Anne (1472-1481), who married See also:Richard, duke of See also:York, the younger son of See also:Edward IV. Richard was created duke of See also:Norfolk and made earl See also:marshal, but when he was murdered in 1483 the dukedom again became extinct, the earldom having reverted to the See also:crown on the death of Anne. The illustrious See also:family of See also:Howard (q.v.), members of which have been dukes of Norfolk from 1483 to the See also:present Howard See also:day, with the exception of two periods during which See also:Hoe. the title was forfeited, was connected with the family of Mowbray. JoHN HOWARD, 1st duke of Norfolk (c. 1430-1485), was the son of Sir See also:Robert Howard by his wife See also:Margaret, daughter of See also:Thomas Mowbray, the first duke of that family. In 1455 John Howard was sent to See also:parliament as member for Norfolk, although he " hadde no lyvelode in the See also:shire "; in 1461 he was knighted; and in 1470, although he appears to have been a consistent Yorkist, he was created a See also:baron by See also:Henry VI. He was treasurer of the royal See also:household from 1467 to 1474, and went to See also:France with Edward IV. in 1475. After Edward's death, however, he supported Richard III., who created him duke of Norfolk and made him earl marshal of See also:England in See also:June 1483. He was killed at See also:Bosworth whilst fighting for this See also:king on the 22nd of See also:August 1485, and the title thus suffered See also:attainder.

He is frequently mentioned in the Poston Letters. His son, THOMAS HOWARD, afterwards and duke (1443-1524), shared his father's fortunes; he fought at See also:

Barnet for Edward IV. and was made steward of the royal household and created earl of Surrey in 1483. Taken prisoner at Bosworth he was attainted and remained in captivity until See also:January 1489, when he was released and restored to his earldom but not to the dukedom of Norfolk. He was then entrusted with the See also:maintenance of See also:order in See also:Yorkshire and with the See also:defence of the Scottish See also:borders; he was made See also:lord treasurer and a privy councillor in 1501, and he helped to arrange the See also:marriage between Margaret, the daughter of Henry VII., and See also:James IV. of See also:Scotland. Henry VIII., too, employed him on public business, but the earl See also:grew jealous of See also:Wolsey, and for a See also:short See also:time he absented himself from See also:court. He commanded the See also:army which defeated the Scots at See also:Flodden in See also:September 1513, and was created duke. of Norfolk in See also:February of the following See also:year, with precedency as of the creation of 1483. In his later years Norfolk worked more harmoniously with Wolsey. He was See also:guardian of England during Henry's See also:absence in France in 1520, and he acted as lord high steward at the trial of his friend Edward See also:Stafford, duke of See also:Buckingham, in 1521. Among his sons were See also:William, 1st Lord Howard of Effingham, and Sir Edward Howard (c. 1477-1513), lord high See also:admiral, who defeated the See also:French See also:fleet off See also:Brest in August 1512, and lost his See also:life during another engagement in See also:April 1513.

End of Article: JOHN MOWBRAY

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