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JUDAS ISCARIOT ('IouSas 'Ioicaptd rrt...

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Originally appearing in Volume V15, Page 536 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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JUDAS ISCARIOT ('IouSas 'Ioicaptd rrts or 'Ivuapu',O) , in the See also:

Bible, the son of See also:

Simon Iscariot (See also:

John vi. 71, xiii. 26), and one of the twelve apostles. He is always enumerated last with the See also:

SPECIAL

special mention of the fact that he was the betrayer of Jesus. If the generally accepted explanation of his surname (" See also:

man of Kerioth "; see Josh. xv. 25) be correct, he was the only See also:

ORIGINAL

original member of the apostolic See also:

BAND

band who was not a Galilean. The circumstances which led to his See also:

ADMISSION

admission into the apostolic circle are not stated; while the motives by which he was actuated in enabling the Jewish authorities to See also:

ARREST (Fr. arrester, arreeter, to stop or stay)

arrest Jesus without tumult have been variously analysed by scholars. According to some (as De Quincey in his famous See also:

ESSAY, ESSAYIST (Fr. essai, Late Lat. exagium, a weighing or balance; exigere, to examine; the term in general meaning any trial or effort)

Essay) the See also:

SOLE (Solea)

sole See also:

OBJECT

object of Judas was to See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place Jesus in a position in which He should be compelled to make what had seemed to His followers the too tardy display of His Messianic See also:

POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power: according to others (and this view seems more in See also:

HARMONY (Gr. dpµovia, a concord of musical sounds, dpA'ew to join; &plan midi (sc. TeXvil)

harmony with the See also:

GOSPEL (O. Eng. godspel, i.e. good news, a translation of Lat. bona annuntiatio, or evangelium, Gr. evayyeXwv; cf. Goth. iu spillon, " to announce good news," Ulfilas' translation of the Greek, from iu, that which is good, and spellon to announce)

Gospel narratives) Judas was an avaricious and dishonest man, who had already abused the confidence placed in him (John xii. 6), and who was now concerned only with furthering his own ends. As regards the effects of his subsequent remorse and the use to which his See also:

ill-gotten gains were put, the strikingly apparent discrepancies between the narratives of Matt. See also:

XXVII

xxvii. 3, 10 and Acts i. 18, 19 have attracted the See also:

ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention of biblical scholars, ever since See also:

PAPIAS

Papias, in his See also:

FOURTH

fourth See also:

BOOK

book, of which a fragment has been preserved, discussed the subject.

The simplest explanation is that they represent different traditions, the Gospel narrative being composed with more special reference to prophetic fulfilments, and being probably nearer the truth than the See also:

SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short explanatory See also:

note inserted by the author of the Acts (see See also:

Bernard, Expositor, See also:

JUNE

June 1904, p. 422 seq.). In ecclesiastical See also:

LEGEND (through the French from the med. Lat. legenda, things to be read, from legere, to read)

legend and 2 For the principle of the See also:

LEVIRATE (Lat. levir, a husband's brother)

Levirate illustrated in Gen. xxxviii., see See also:

RUTH, BOOK OF

RUTH. See also:

LAGARDE, PAUL ANTON DE (1827–1891)

Lagarde (Orientalia, ii.) ingeniously conjectured that the See also:

CHAPTER (a shortened form of chapiter, a word still used in architecture for a capital; derived from O. Fr. chapitre, Lat. capitellum, diminutive of caput, head)

chapter typified the suppression of Phoenician (viz. Tamar, the date-See also:

palm) and the old Canaanite elements (Zerah = indigena) by the younger Israelite invaders (See also:

PEREZ, ANTONIO (c. 1540-1611)

Perez =" See also:

BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch "). For other discussions, apart from commentaries on See also:

Genesis, see B. See also:

LUTHER, MARTIN (1483-1546)

Luther in See also:

Meyer, op. cit., pp. 200 sqq. in sacred See also:

art Judas Iscariot is generally treated as the very in-See also:

CARNATION (Dianthus Caryophyllus, natural order Caryophyllaceae)

carnation of treachery, ingratitude and impiety. The See also:

MIDDLE

Middle Ages, after their See also:

FASHION (adapted from Fr. facon, agon, Lat. factio, making, facere, to do or make)

fashion, supplied the lacunae in what they deemed his too meagre See also:

BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

biography. According to the See also:

COMMON

common See also:

FORM (Lat. forma)

form of their See also:

story, he belonged to the tribe of See also:

REUBEN

Reuben.' Before he was See also:

BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born his See also:

MOTHER

mother Cyborea had a See also:

DREAM (from a root dreug, connected with Germ. trugen, to deceive)

dream that he was destined to See also:

MURDER

murder his See also:

FATHER

father, commit See also:

INCEST (Lat. incestus, unchaste)

incest with his mother, and sell his See also:

God. The attempts made by her and her See also:

HUSBAND

husband to avert this curse simply led to its accomplishment.

At his See also:

BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth Judas was enclosed in a See also:

CHEST (Gr. Kiarl, Lat. cista, O. Eng. cist, test, &c.)

chest and flung into the See also:

sea; picked up on a See also:

FOREIGN

foreign See also:

SHORE

shore, he was educated at the See also:

court until a murder committed in a moment of See also:

PASSION (post-classical Lat. passio, formed from pati, passus, to suffer, endure)

passion compelled his See also:

FLIGHT

flight. Coming to See also:

JUDAEA

Judaea, he entered the service of Pontius See also:

PILATE, PONTIUS

Pilate as See also:

page, and during this See also:

period committed the first two of the crimes which had been expressly foretold. Learning the See also:

SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret of his birth, he, full of remorse, sought the See also:

PROPHET (Irpo4i ri7s)

prophet. who, he had heard, had power on See also:

earth to forgive sins. He was accepted as a See also:

DISCIPLE

disciple and promoted to a position of See also:

TRUST

trust, where avarice, the only See also:

VICE

vice in which he had hitherto been unpractised, gradually took See also:

possession of his soul, and led to the See also:

COMPLETE

complete fulfilment of his evil destiny. This Judas legend, as given by Jacobus de Voragine, obtained no small popularity; and it is to be found in various shapes in every important literature of See also:

EUROPE

Europe. For the See also:

HISTORY

history of its genesis and its See also:

DIFFUSION (from the Lat. diffundere; dis-, asunder, and fundere, to pour out)

diffusion the reader may consult D'See also:

Ancona, La leggenda di Vergogna e la leggenda di Giuda (1869), and papers by W. Creizenach in See also:

Paul and ,Braune's Beitr. zur Gesch. der deutschen Sprache and Litteratur, vol. ii. (1875), and See also:

Victor Diederich in Russiche Revue (188o). Cholevius, in his G,schichte der deutschen Poesie nach ihren antiken Elementen (1854), pointed out the connexion of the legend with the See also:

OEDIPUS (OiSiirovs, O16tir63i7s, Wines, from Gr. ot&eiv swell, and gobs foot, i.e. " the swollen-footed ")

Oedipus story. According to See also:

DAUB, KARL (1765-1836)

Daub (Judas Ischariot, See also:

ODER (Lat. Viadua; Slavonic, Vjodr)

oder Betrachtungen fiber das Bose See also:

IM(K2+a2+h2—2 ah cos 0)

im Verhaltniss zum Guten, 1816, 1818) Judas was " an incarnation of the See also:

DEVIL (Gr. &a,3oXos, " slanderer," from &ctflisXX sty, to slander)

devil," to whom " See also:

mercy and blessedness are alike impossible." The popular hatred of Judas has found See also:

STRANGE, SIR ROBERT (1721-1792)

strange symbolical expression in various parts of Christendom. In See also:

CORFU (anc. and mod. Gr. KEpKvpa or Kopiupa, Lat. Corcyra)

Corfu, for instance, the See also:

PEOPLE

people at a given See also:

SIGNAL

signal on See also:

EASTER

Easter See also:

Eve throw vast quantities of crockery from their windows and See also:

ROOFS

roofs into the streets, and thus execute an imaginary stoning of Judas (see See also:

KIRKWALL (Norse, Kirkjuvagr, " church bay ")

Kirkwall, Ionian Islands, ii. 47).

At one See also:

time (according to Mustoxidi, Delle See also:

case corciresi) the tradition prevailed that the traitor's See also:

house and See also:

COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country See also:

VILLA

villa existed in the See also:

ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island, and that his descendants were to be found among the See also:

LOCAL

local See also:

Jews. Details in regard to some Judas legends and superstitions are given in Notes and Queries, 2nd See also:

SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series, v., vi. and vii.; 3rd series, vii.; 4th series, i.; 5th series, vi. See also a See also:

paper by See also:

PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

Professor Rendel See also:

Harris entitled " Did Judas really commit See also:

SUICIDE (from Lat. sui, of oneself, and cidium, from cued ere, to kill)

suicide?" in the See also:

AMERICAN

American See also:

Journal of See also:

PHILOLOGY

Philology (See also:

JULY

July 1900). See also:

Matthew See also:

Arnold's poem " St Brandan " gives See also:

FINE

fine expression to the old story that, on See also:

account of an See also:

ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act of charity done to a leper at See also:

JOPPA

Joppa, Judas was allowed an See also:

HOUR

hour's See also:

RESPITE (O. Fr. respit, modern repit, Lat. respectus, regard, consideration, respicere, to look back at)

respite from See also:

HELL (0. Eng. hel, a Teutonic word from a root meaning " to cover," cf. Ger. Holle, Dutch hel)

hell once a See also:

YEAR

year. (G.M1.) JUDAS-See also:

TREE, the Cercis siliquastrum of botanists, belonging to the See also:

section Caesalpineae of the natural See also:

order See also:

LEGUMINOSAE

Leguminosae. It is a native of the See also:

south of See also:

France, See also:

Spain, See also:

PORTUGAL

Portugal, See also:

Italy, See also:

GREECE

Greece and See also:

ASIA

Asia See also:

Minor, and forms a handsome See also:

low tree with a See also:

FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat spreading See also:

head. In See also:

SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

Spring it is covered with a profusion of purplish-See also:

PINK

pink See also:

FLOWERS, ARTIFICIAL

flowers, which appear before the leaves. The flowers have an agreeable See also:

ACID (from the Lat. root ac-, sharp; acere, to be sour)

acid See also:

TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste, and are eaten mixed with See also:

SALAD (Med. Lat. salata, salted, pickled, salare, to sprinkle with salt)

salad or made into fritters. The tree was frequently figured by the older herbalists. One woodcut by See also:

CASTOR

Castor See also:

DURANTE, FRANCESCO (1684-1755)

Durante has the figure of Judas Iscariot suspended from one of the branches, illustrating the popular tradition regarding this tree. A second See also:

SPECIES

species, C. canadensis, is common in See also:

North See also:

AMERICA

America from See also:

CANADA

Canada to See also:

ALABAMA

Alabama and eastern See also:

TEXAS

Texas, and differs from the See also:

EUROPEAN

European species in its smaller See also:

SIZE

size and pointed leaves. The flowers are also used in salads and for making pickles, while the branches are used to dye See also:

WOOL, WORSTED AND WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES

wool a See also:

NANKEEN

nankeen See also:

COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour.

End of Article: JUDAS ISCARIOT ('IouSas 'Ioicaptd rrts or 'Ivuapu',O)

Additional information and Comments

In the recent discovery of apocryphic gospel of Judas,this man is an honest apostle who just obeyed the order of his master to deliver him to be crucified.This makes anyone wonders if the whole story is just a rewritten view of Egyptian myth of Osiris and Set,taking into consideration that Judas gospel is found in Egypt and written in coptic?

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