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LEOPOLD I

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Originally appearing in Volume V16, Page 461 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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LEOPOLD I . (1790—1865), See also:king of the Belgians, See also:fourth son of See also:Francis, See also:duke of See also:Saxe-See also:Coburg-See also:Saalfeld, and See also:uncle of See also:Queen See also:Victoria of See also:England, was See also:born at Coburg on the 18th of See also:December 179o. At the See also:age of eighteen he entered the military service of See also:Russia, and accompanied the See also:emperor See also:Alexander to See also:Erfurt as a member of his See also:staff. He was required by See also:Napoleon to quit the See also:Russian See also:army, and spent some years in travelling. In 1813 he accepted from the emperor Alexander the See also:post of a See also:cavalry See also:general in the army of invasion, and he took See also:part in the whole of the See also:campaign of that and the following See also:year, distinguishing himself in the battles of See also:Leipzig, Liitzen and See also:Bautzen. He entered See also:Paris with the allied sovereigns, and accompanied them to England. He married in May 1816 See also:Charlotte, only See also:child of See also:George, See also:prince See also:regent, afterwards George IV., heiress-presumptive to the See also:British See also:throne, and was created duke of See also:Kendal in the British See also:peerage and given an See also:annuity of 50,000. The See also:death of the princess in the following year was a heavy See also:blow to his hopes, but he continued to reside in England. In 1830 he declined the offer of the See also:crown of See also:Greece, owing to the refusal of the See also:powers to See also:grant conditions which he considered essential to the welfare of the new See also:kingdom, but was in the following year elected king of the Belgians (4th See also:June 1831). After some hesitation he accepted the crown, having previously ascertained that he would have the support of the See also:great powers on entering upon his difficult task, and on the 12th of See also:July he made his entry into See also:Brussels and took the See also:oath to observe the constitution. During the first eight years of his reign he was confronted with the resolute hostility of King See also:William I. of See also:Holland, and it was not until 1839 that the See also:differences between the two states, which until 1830 had formed the kingdom of the See also:Netherlands, were finally settled at the See also:conference of See also:London by the treaty of the 24 Articles (see See also:BELGIUM). From this date until his death, King Leopold spent all his energies in the See also:wise See also:administration of the affairs of the newly formed kingdom, which may be said to owe in a large measure its first 'consolidation and See also:constant prosperity to the care and skill of his discreet and fatherly See also:government.

In 1848 the throne of Belgium stood unshaken amidst the revolutions which marked that year in almost every See also:

European See also:country. On the 8th of See also:August 1832 Leopold married, as his second wife, See also:Louise of See also:Orleans, daughter of See also:Louis Philippe, king of the See also:French. Queen Louise endeared: herself to the Belgian See also:people, and her death in 185o was See also:felt as a See also:national loss. This See also:union produced two sons and one daughter—(1) Leopold, afterwards king of the Belgians; (2) See also:Philip, See also:count of See also:Flanders; (3) See also:Marie Charlotte, who married See also:Maximilian of See also:Austria, the unfortunate emperor of See also:Mexico. Leopold I. died at Laeken on the loth of December 1865. He was a most cultured See also:man and a great reader, and did his utmost during his reign to encourage See also:art, See also:science and See also:education.

End of Article: LEOPOLD I

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