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SCHOFIELD, JOHN

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Originally appearing in Volume V24, Page 346 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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SCHOFIELD, See also:JOHN McALLISTER (1831—1906), See also:American soldier, was See also:born at See also:Gerry, See also:Chautauqua See also:county, New See also:York, on the 29th of See also:September 1831. He graduated at See also:West Point in 1853, served for two years in the See also:artillery, was assistant See also:professor of natural and experimental See also:philosophy at West Point in 1855—186o, and while on leave (186o—1861). was professor of physics at See also:Washington university, St See also:Louis. When the See also:Civil See also:War See also:broke out, he became a See also:major in a See also:Missouri volunteer See also:regiment and served as See also:chief of See also:staff to Major-See also:General Nathaniel See also:Lyon until the See also:death of that officer. (In 1892 he received a Congressional See also:medal of See also:honour for " conspicuous gallantry at the See also:battle of See also:Wilson's See also:Creek.") In 1861—1863 he performed various military duties in Missouri. In See also:April 1863 he took command of a See also:division in the See also:Army of the See also:Cumberland, and in 1864, as See also:commander of the Army of the See also:Ohio, he took See also:part in the See also:Atlanta See also:campaign under Major-General W. T. See also:Sherman. In See also:October 1864 Schofield was sent to See also:Tennessee to join Major-General G. H. See also:Thomas in opposing General J. B. See also:Hood, and on the 3oth of See also:November he fought with General Hood the desperate and indecisive battle of See also:Franklin.

Two See also:

weeks later he took part in Thomas's crowning victory at See also:Nashville. For his services at Franklin he was awarded the See also:rank of brigadier-general (November 1864) and the See also:brevet rank of major-general (See also:March 1865) in the See also:regular army. Being ordered to co-operate with Sherman in See also:North Carolina, Schofield moved his See also:corps by See also:rail and See also:sea to Fort See also:Fisher, North Carolina, in seventeen days, occupied See also:Wilmington on the 22nd of See also:February 1865, fought the See also:action at Kinston on the 8–loth of March, and on the 23rd joined Sherman at See also:Goldsboro. After the war he was sent on a See also:special See also:diplomatic See also:mission to See also:France, on See also:account of the presence of See also:French troops in See also:Mexico; and from See also:June 1868 to March 1869 he served as secretary of war under See also:President See also:Andrew See also:Johnson, after the retirement of E. M. See also:Stanton (q.v.). From 1876 to 1881 he was See also:superintendent of the Military See also:Academy at West Point, and from 1888 until his retirement in 1895 he was commanding general of the See also:United States army. He had become major-general in March 1869, and in February 1895 he was made See also:lieutenant-general. He died at St See also:Augustine, See also:Florida, on the 4th of March 1906. General Schofield published See also:Forty-six Years in the Army (New York, 1897).

End of Article: SCHOFIELD, JOHN

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