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DALKEITH

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Originally appearing in Volume V07, Page 768 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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DALKEITH , a municipal and See also:

police See also:burgh of See also:Edinburghshire, See also:Scotland, lying between the See also:North and See also:South Esk, 74 M. S.E. of See also:Edinburgh, by the North See also:British railway. Pop. (1891) 7035; (1901) 6812. It is an important agricultural centre, and has every See also:week one of the largest See also:grain-markets in Scotland. Besides milling, See also:brewing and tanning, the See also:chief See also:industries are the making of carpets, brushes and bricks, and See also:iron and See also:brass See also:founding. Near Eskbank, a handsome residential See also:quarter with a railway station, See also:coal-See also:mining is carried on. See also:Market-gardening, owing to the proximity of the See also:capital, flourishes. The See also:parish church—an old See also:Gothic edifice, which was originally the See also:Castle See also:chapel, and was restored in 1852—the municipal buildings, See also:corn See also:exchange, Foresters' See also:hall and Newmills See also:hospital are among the See also:principal public buildings. Dalkeith was the birthplace of See also:Professor See also:Peter See also:Guthrie See also:Tait, the mathematician (1831-1901). Dalkeith See also:Palace, a seat of the See also:duke of See also:Buccleuch, was designed by See also:Sir See also:John See also:Vanbrugh in 1700 for the widow of the duke of See also:Monmouth, countess of Buccleuch in her own right.

It occupies the site of a castle which belonged first to the Grahams and afterwards to the Douglases, and was sold in 1642 by See also:

William, seventh or eighth See also:earl of See also:Morton, to See also:Francis, second earl of Buccleuch, for the purpose of raising See also:money to assist See also:Charles I. in the See also:Civil See also:War. The palace has been the See also:residence of several sovereigns during their visits to Edinburgh, among them See also:George IV. in 1822, See also:Queen See also:Victoria in 1842, and See also:Edward VII. in 1903. The picture See also:gallery possesses important examples of the Old Masters; the gardens are renowned for their See also:fruit and See also:flowers; and the beautiful See also:park of over loco acres—containing a remnant of the Caledonian See also:Forest, with oaks, beeches and ashes of See also:great girth and height—is watered by the North and South Esk, which unite before they leave the policy. About i m. south is Newbattle See also:Abbey, the seat of the See also:marquess of See also:Lothian, delight-fully situated on the South Esk. It is built on the site of an abbey founded by See also:David I., the See also:ancient See also:crypt being incorporated in the See also:mansion. The library contains many valuable books and illuminated See also:MSS., and excellent pictures and carvings. In the park are several remarkable trees, among them one of the largest beeches in the See also:United See also:Kingdom. Two See also:miles still farther south lies Cockpen, immortalized by the Baroness See also:Nairne's humorous See also:song " The See also:Laird of Cockpen," and See also:Dalhousie Castle, partly ancient and partly See also:modern, which gives a See also:title to the earls of Dalhousie. About 6 m. south-See also:east of Dalkeith are Borthwick and See also:Crichton castles, , m. apart, both now in ruins. Queen See also:Mary spent three See also:weeks in Borthwick Castle, as in See also:durance vile, after her See also:marriage with See also:Bothwell, and fled from it to See also:Dunbar in the See also:guise of a See also:page. The castle, which is a See also:double See also:tower, was besieged by See also:Cromwell, and the marks of his See also:cannon-balls are still visible. In the See also:manse of the parish of Borthwick, William See also:Robertson, the historian, was See also:born in 1721.

About 4 M. See also:

west of Dalkeith is the See also:village of Burdiehouse, the See also:limestone quarries of which are famous for fossils. The name is said to be a corruption of See also:Bordeaux See also:House, which was bestowed on it by Queen Mary's See also:French servants, who lived here when their See also:mistress resided at Craigmillar.

End of Article: DALKEITH

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