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DARTMOUTH COLLEGE

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Originally appearing in Volume V07, Page 839 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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DARTMOUTH See also:COLLEGE , an See also:American institution of higher See also:education, in See also:Hanover, New See also:Hampshire. It is Congregational in its affiliations, but is actually non-sectarian. The college is open only to men except during the summer session, when See also:women also are admitted. Dartmouth embraces, in addition to the See also:original college, incorporated in 1769, a medical school, dating from the See also:establishment of a professorship of See also:medicine in the college in 1798; the See also:Thayer school of See also:civil See also:engineering, established in 1867by the See also:bequest of Gen. Sylvanus Thayer; and the See also:Amos Tuck school of See also:administration and See also:finance, established in 1900 by See also:Edward Tuck—a remarkable feature, as it was the first, and, until the establishment at Harvard of a similar See also:graduate school, the only commercial school in the See also:country whose See also:work is largely See also:post-graduate. The See also:Chandler school of See also:science and the arts was founded by Abiel Chandler in 1851, in connexion with Dart-mouth, and was incorporated into the collegiate See also:department in 1893 as the Chandler scientific course in the college. From 1866 to 1893 the New Hampshire college of See also:agriculture and the mechanic arts, now at See also:Durham, was connected with Dartmouth. The medical school offers a four years' course, and each of the other two professional See also:schools a two years' course, the first See also:year of which may, under certain conditions, be counted as the See also:senior year of the undergraduate department. The college has a beautiful campus or " yard "; a library of more than 100,000 volumes, housed in See also:Wilson See also:Hall (1885); instruction halls, See also:residence halls—Thornton and See also:Wentworth (1828), Hallgarten (1874), See also:Richardson (1897), and Fayerweather (1900); a gymnasium (See also:Bissell Hall, built in 1867); an athletic See also:field, known as Alumni See also:Oval; See also:Bartlett Hall (189o–1891), the See also:house of the College See also:Young Men's See also:Christian Association; Rollins See also:Chapel (1885); College Hall (1901), a social headquarters; an astronomical and meteorological See also:observatory (Shattuck Observatory, 1854); the See also:Mary See also:Hitchcock See also:hospital (1893), associated with the medical college; museums (especially the See also:Butterfield Museum) ; Culver Hall (1871), the chemical laboratory; and Wilder Hall (1899), the See also:physical laboratory. The college in 1908 had See also:Ioo See also:officers of administration and instruction and 1219 students. It is maintained chiefly by the proceeds of a productive endowment fund amounting to $2,700,000 and by tuition fees ($125 a year for each student). The See also:government is entrusted to a See also:board of twelve trustees, five of whom are elected upon the nomination of the alumni.

Dartmouth is the outgrowth of See also:

Moor's See also:Indian charity school, founded by Eleazer Wheelock (1711–1779) about 1750 at Lebwon, See also:Connecticut; this school was named in 1755 in See also:honour of Jdthua Moor, who in this year gave to it lands and buildings. In 1765 See also:Samson Occom (c. 1723–1792), an Indian preacher and former student of the school, visited See also:England and See also:Scotland in its behalf and raised £Io,000, whereupon plans were made for enlargement and for a See also:change of site to Hanover. In 1769 the school was incorporated by a See also:charter granted by See also:George III. as Dartmouth College, being named after the See also:earl of Dartmouth, See also:president of the trustees of the funds raised in See also:Great See also:Britain. The first college See also:building, Dartmouth Hall (closely resembling See also:Nassau Hall at Princetown and the University Hall of See also:Brown University), was built in 1784–1791 and is still See also:standing, as are the typical college See also:church, built in 1796 and enlarged in 1877 and 1889, and Moor Hall, the second building for Moor's charity school, since 1852 called the Chandler building. During the See also:War of See also:Independence the support from Great Britain was mostly withdrawn. In 1815 President See also:John Wheelock (1754-1817), who had succeeded his See also:father in 1779, and was a Presbyterian and a Republican, was removed by the See also:majority of the board of trustees, who were Congregationalists and Federalists, and See also:Francis Brown was chosen in his See also:place. Wheelock, upon his See also:appeal to the legislature, was reinstated at the See also:head of a new See also:corporation, called Dartmouth University. The See also:state courts upheld the legislature and the " University," but in 1819 after the famous See also:argument of See also:Daniel See also:Webster (q.v.) in behalf of the " College " board of trustees as against the " University " board before the See also:United States Supreme See also:Court, that See also:body decided that the private See also:trust created by the charter of 1769 was inviolable, and Dr Francis Brown and the old " College " board took See also:possession of the institution's See also:property. This was one of the most important decisions ever made by the United States Supreme Court. See See also:Frederick See also:Chase, A See also:History of Dartmouth College and the See also:Town of Hanover (See also:Cambridge, 1891). For the Dartmouth College See also:Case see See also:Shirley, The Dartmouth College Causes (St See also:Louis, See also:Missouri, 1879) ; See also:Kent, Commentaries on American See also:Law (vol. i.

See also:

Boston, 1884) ; and See also:Joseph See also:Story, Commentaries on the Constitution(vol. ii., Boston, 1891).

End of Article: DARTMOUTH COLLEGE

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