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NATCHEZ

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Originally appearing in Volume V19, Page 265 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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NATCHEZ , a See also:

city and the See also:county-seat of See also:Adams county, See also:Mississippi, U.S.A., on the Mississippi See also:river, about See also:loo m. S.W. of See also:Jackson. Pop. (1890) 10,101, (1900) £2,210, of whom 7090were negroes, (1910 See also:census.) 11,791. It is served by the Yazoo & Mississippi Valley, the St See also:Louis, See also:Iron See also:Mountain & See also:Southern, the New See also:Orleans & See also:North-Western and the Mississippi Central See also:railways, and by steamboats on the Mississippi river. The city, which has an See also:area of 2.19 sq. in., is mostly on a See also:bluff that rises 200 ft. above the river, the wharfs and landings, and a few old buildings being the only reminders of what was before the See also:Civil See also:War the See also:principal business See also:section. Among the city's institutions are the See also:Fisk Public Library, a charity See also:hospital, two sanatoriums, three See also:orphan asylums, See also:Stanton See also:College for girls (non-sectarian; opened in 1894 and lodged in the old Fisk See also:mansion),' St See also:Joseph's College for girls, the See also:Jefferson Military College (1802), 6 m. from the city, and Natchez College for negroes. The city has four public parks, three on the river front, and one, Memorial See also:Park, in See also:honour of Confederate dead, in the See also:heart of the city. On a neighbouring bluff is a See also:national See also:cemetery. Just outside the city limits, at Gloster, the former See also:estate of See also:Winthrop See also:Sargent, first See also:governor of the Territory of Mississippi, are the See also:graves of Sargent and S. S. Prentiss, who lived in Natchez for some years.

In and near the city are many handsome old residences typical of ante-bellum Natchez, among them being: See also:

Monmouth, See also:General Quitman's estate; See also:Somerset and See also:Oakland, See also:long in the Chotard See also:family; and The Briars, the See also:home during girlhood of Varina See also:Howell, the wife of Jefferson See also:Davis. A See also:Roman See also:Catholic See also:cathedral (1841), Trinity See also:Protestant Episcopal See also:Church (1825) and a Presbyterian church (1829) are the principal church buildings. The Prentiss and the See also:Elk are the leading clubs. Mardi Gras is annually celebrated. The leading See also:industries are the shipment of See also:cotton (70,000 to 90,000 See also:bales are handled annually) and the manufacture of cottonseed oil and cake—the first cottonseed-oil See also:mill in the See also:country was built here in 1834—cotton goods, rope and yarns, See also:lumber, See also:brick, drugs and See also:ice. Natchez was the first city in the See also:state to own municipal See also:water-See also:works and sewage See also:system. The city was named from the Natchez See also:Indians who lived on its site when the country was first settled. In 1716 on the bluff Le Moyne de Bienville built Fort Rosalie for the See also:protection of some See also:French warehouses, and later the French demanded a neighbouring See also:hill for another See also:settlement. This offended the Natchez, and on the 28th of See also:November 1729 they massacred the French and destroyed the fort, which was immediately rebuilt, and in 1764 was handed over to the See also:English in accordance with the treaty of See also:Paris, and became Fort Panmure; in 1779 it was turned over to the See also:Spanish, who held it until 1798, when they withdrew and See also:United States troops occupied the See also:place. Under Spanish See also:rule Natchez was the seat of See also:government of a large See also:district, and from 1798 to 1802 and from 1817 to 1821 it was the See also:capital of Mississippi. It was chartered as a city in 1803. On the 7th of May 1840 a large See also:part of the city was destroyed by a See also:tornado, but it was soon rebuilt, and at the outbreak of the Civil War was a place of considerable See also:wealth and culture.

For several years it was the home of General See also:

John See also:Anthony Quitman (1799-1858). Natchez surrendered to See also:Union forces during the See also:Vicksburg See also:campaigns, first on the 12th of May 1852, and again on the 13th of See also:July 1863. On the 2nd of See also:September 1862 the Union iron-clad " See also:Essex," commanded by See also:William See also:David See also:Porter, bombarded the city and put an end to the commercial importance of the river front section.

End of Article: NATCHEZ

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