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See also:RUDOLPH I . (1218-1291), See also:German See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king, son of See also:Albert IV. See also:count of See also:Habsburg, and Hedwig, daughter of See also:Ulrich count of Kyburg, was See also:born at See also:Limburg on the 1st of May 1218. At his See also:father's See also:death in 1239 Rudolph inherited the See also:family estates in See also:Alsace, and in 1245 he married Gertrude, daughter of Burk-hard III. count of Hohenberg. He paid frequent visits to the See also:court of his godfather the See also:emperor See also:Frederick II., and his See also:loyalty to Frederick and to his son See also:Conrad IV. was richly rewarded by grants of See also:land, but in 1254 was excommunicated by See also:Pope See also:Innocent IV. The disorder in See also:Germany after the fall of the See also:Hohenstaufen afforded an opportunity for Rudolph to increase his possessions. His wife was an heiress; and on the death of his childless See also:uncle, See also:Hartmann VI. count of Kyburg, in 1264, he seized his valuable estates. Successful feuds with the bishops of See also:Strassburg and See also:Basel further augmented his See also:wealth and his reputation; rights over various tracts of land were See also:purchased from abbots and others; and he was also the possessor of large estates in the regions now known as See also:Switzerland and Alsace.
These various See also:sources of wealth and See also:influence had rendered Rudolph the most powerful See also:prince in S.W. Germany when, in the autumn of 1273, the princes met to elect a king. His See also:election at See also:Frankfort on the 29th of See also:September 1273 was largely due to the efforts of his See also:brother-in-See also:law, Frederick III. of See also:Hohenzollern, See also:burgrave of See also:Nuremberg. The support of Albert See also:duke of See also:Saxe-See also:Lauenburg, and of See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis II. count See also:palatine of the See also:Rhine and duke of upper See also:Bavaria, had been purchased by betrothing them to two of Rudolph's daughters; so that Ottakar II. king of Bohemia, a See also:candidate for the See also:throne, was almost alone in his opposition. Rudolph was crowned at See also:Aix-la-Chapelle on the 24th of See also:October 1273, and the feast which followed has been described by See also:Schiller in Der See also:Graf von Hapsburg. To win the approbation of the pope Rudolph renounced all imperial rights in See also:Rome, the papal territory and See also:Sicily, and promised to See also:lead a new crusade; and Pope See also:- GREGORY
- GREGORY (Gregorius)
- GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
- GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
- GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
- GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
- GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
- GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
- GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)
Gregory X., in spite of Ottakar's protests, not only recognized Rudolph himself, but persuaded See also:Alphonso X. king of See also:Castile, who had been chosen German king in 1257, to do the same. In See also:November 1274 it was decided by the See also:diet at Nuremberg that all See also:crown estates seized since the death of the emperor Frederick II. must be restored, and that Ottakar of Bohemia must See also:answer to the diet for not recognizing the new king. Ottakar refused to appear or to restore the provinces of See also:Austria, See also:Styria, See also:Carinthia and See also:Carniola which he had seized. He wasplaced under the See also:ban; and in See also:June 1276 See also:war was declared against him. Having detached See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry I. duke of See also:lower Bavaria from his See also:side, Rudolph compelled the Bohemian king to cede the four provinces in November 1276. Ottakar was then invested with Bohemia by Rudolph, and his son See also:Wenceslaus was betrothed to a daughter of the German king, who made a triumphal entry into See also:Vienna. Ottakar, however, raised questions about the See also:execution of the treaty, made an See also:alliance with some See also:Polish chiefs and procured the support of several German princes, including his former ally, Henry of lower Bavaria. To meet this See also:combination Rudolph entered into alliance with See also:Ladislaus IV. king of See also:Hungary, and gave additional privileges to the citizens of Vienna. On the 26th of See also:August 1278 the See also:rival armies met on the See also:banks of the See also:river See also:March near Durnkrut, and Ottakar was defeated and killed. See also:Moravia was subdued and its See also:government entrusted to Rudolph's representatives, while Wenceslaus was again betrothed to one of his daughters.
Rudolph's See also:attention was next turned to his new possessions in Austria and the adjacent countries. He spent several years in establishing his authority there, but found some difficulty in making these provinces hereditary in his family. At length the hostility of the princes was overcome, and in See also:December 1282 Rudolph invested his sons Albert and Rudolph with the duchies of Austria and Styria at See also:Augsburg, and so laid the See also:foundations of the greatness of the See also:house of Habsburg.
Turning to the See also:west he compelled See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip I. count of upper See also:Burgundy to cede some districts to him in 1281, forced the citizens of Berne to pay the See also:tribute which they had previously refused, and in 1289 marched against Philip's successor, See also:Otto IV., and compelled him to do See also:homage. In 1281 his first wife died, and on the 5th of See also:February 1284 he married See also:Isabella, daughter of See also:Hugh IV. duke of Burgundy. Rudolph was not very successful in restoring See also:internal See also:peace to Germany. Orders were indeed issued for the See also:establishment of landpeaces in Bavaria, See also:Franconia and See also:Swabia, and afterwards for the whole of Germany; but the king lacked the See also:power, or the determination, to enforce them, although in December 1289 he led an expedition into Thuringia where he destroyed a number of robber-castles. In 1291 he attempted to secure the election of his son Albert as German king; but the princes refused on the pretext of their inability to support two See also:kings, but perhaps because they feared the increasing power of the Habsburgs. Rudolph died at See also:Spires on the 15th of See also:July 1291 and was buried in the See also:cathedral of that See also:city. He had a large family, but only one of his sons, Albert, afterwards the German king Albert I., survived him. Rudolph was a tall See also:man with See also:pale See also:face and prominent See also:nose. He possessed many excellent qualities, bravery, piety and generosity; but his reign is memorable rather in the See also:history of the house of Habsburg than in that of the See also:kingdom of Germany.
The best See also:modern authorities are K. See also:Hagen, Deutsche Geschichte von See also:Rudolf von Habsburg bis auf See also:die neueste Zeit (Frankfort, 1854–57) O. Lorenz, Geschichte Rudolfs von Habsburg and Adolfs von See also:Nassau (Vienna, 1863–67) ; Th. Lindner, Deutsche Geschichte unter den Habsburgern and Luxemburgern (See also:Stuttgart, 1888–93) ; A. See also:Huber, Rudolf von Habsburg vor seiner Thronbesteigung (Vienna, 1873) ; J. Hirn, Rudolf von Habsburg (Vienna, 1874) ; H. von See also:Zeissberg, Ueber das Rechtsverfahren Rudolf von Habsburg gegen Ottokar von Bohmen (Vienna, 1882) ; H. Otto, Die Beziehungen Rudolfs von Habsburg zu Papst Gregor X. (See also:Erlangen, 1893) ; A. Busson, See also:Dee Krieg von 5278 and die Schlacht bei Durnkrut (Vienna, 1880) ; and O. Redlich, Rudolf von Habsburg (See also:Innsbruck, 1903).
End of Article: RUDOLPH I
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