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See also:CONRAD III . (1093–1152), See also:German See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king, second son of See also:Frederick I., See also:duke of See also:Swabia, and See also:Agnes, daughter of the See also:emperor See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry IV., was the first king of the See also:Hohenstaufen See also:family. His See also:father died in 1105, and his See also:mother married secondly See also:Leopold III., See also:margrave of See also:Austria; but little is known of his See also:early See also:life until 1115 when his See also:uncle the emperor Henry V. appointed him duke of See also:Franconia. In 1116, together with his See also:elder See also:brother Frederick II., duke of Swabia, he was See also:left by Henry as See also:regent of See also:Germany, and when the emperor died in 1125 he became titular king of See also:Burgundy, or See also:Arles. Returning from the See also:Holy See also:Land in 1126, he took See also:part in the See also:war which during his See also:absence had broken out between his brother Frederick and the new king, See also:Lothair the Saxon; and was chosen king in opposition to Lothair on the 18th of See also:December 1127. His See also:election in preference to Frederick was possibly due to the fact that owing to his absence from Germany he had not taken the See also:oath of fealty to the new king. Hastening across the See also:Alps he was crowned king of See also:Italy at See also:Monza in See also:June 1128, and in spite of the papal See also:ban was generally acknowledged in See also:northern Italy. His position, however, rapidly weakened. The See also:rival popes, See also:Innocent II. and Anacletus II., both declared against him; the See also:Romans repudiated him; and after failing to seize the extensive possessions left by See also:Matilda, marchioness of See also:Tuscany, he returned to Germany in 1132. He continued the struggle against Lothair till See also:October 1135, when he submitted, was pardoned, and recovered his estates; owing this generous treatment, it is said, to the See also:good offices of
St See also:Bernard, See also:- ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
- ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
- ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
- ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
- ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)
abbot of See also:Clairvaux. In 1136 he accompanied the imperial forces to Italy in the capacity of See also:standard-See also:bearer, distinguished himself by his soldierly skill, and in view of the in-creasing See also:age and infirmity of Lothair, sought to win the favour of See also:Pope Innocent II.
In December 1137 Lothair died, and some of the princes met at See also:Coblenz, and See also:chose Conrad for a second See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time as German king on the 7th of See also:March 1138, in presence of the papal See also:legate. Crowned at See also:Aix-la-Chapelle six days later, he was acknowledged at See also:Bamberg by several of the See also:South German princes; but his position could not be strong while Henry the Proud, the powerful duke of See also:Bavaria and See also:Saxony, refused his See also:allegiance. Attempts at a peaceful See also:settlement of this rivalry failed, and Henry was placed under the ban in See also:July 1138, when war See also:broke out in Bavaria and Saxony. The king was unable to make much headway, in spite of the See also:death of Duke Henry, which occurred in October 1139; and his See also:half-brother Leopold IV., margrave of Austria, to whom Bavaria had been entrusted, was defeated by Henry's brother See also:Welf, afterwards duke of See also:Spoleto and margrave of Tuscany. Conrad, however, captured the fortress of See also:Weinsberg from Well in December 1140, and is said to have allowed the See also:women to leave the See also:town, each with as much of her See also:property as she could carry on her back. To his surprise, so the See also:story runs, each woman came out bearing on her back a See also:husband, a father or a brother, who thus escaped the vengeance of the conquerors. This See also:tale is now regarded as legendary, and the same remark also applies to the tradition that the cries Hi Welfen, hi Wibelinen, were first raised at this See also:siege. See also:Peace was made at See also:Frankfort in May 1142, when Henry the See also:Lion, son of Henry the Proud, was confirmed in the duchy of Saxony, while Bavaria was given to Conrad's step-brother Henry Jasomirgott, margrave of Austria, who married Gertrude, the widow of Henry the Proud.
Affairs in Italy demanded the See also:attention of the king, as See also:Roger I., king of See also:Sicily, had won considerable authority on the mainland, and refused to recognize the German king, whose help Pope See also:Lucius II. implored against the rebellious Romans. This See also:state of affairs drove Conrad into See also:alliance with the See also:East See also:Roman emperor, See also:Manuel See also:Comnenus, who in 1146 married his step-See also:sister; but the See also:condition of Germany prevented the contemplated See also:campaign against Roger. The solitary success amid the See also:general disorder in the See also:Empire was the expedition undertaken in 1142 by Conrad into Bohemia, where he restored his brother-in-See also:law See also:Ladislaus to this See also:throne. An See also:attempt, however, to perform the same service for another brother-in-law, also called Ladislaus, who had been driven from his See also:Polish dukedom, ended in failure. Mean-while Germany was ravaged and devastated by See also:civil war, which Conrad was unable to repress. Disorder was rampant in Saxony, Bavaria and Burgundy; and in 1146 war broke out between the Bavarians and the Hungarians. A See also:term was placed to this condition of affairs by the See also:preaching of Bernard of Clairvaux, and the consequent departure of many turbulent nobles on crusade. In December 1146 the king himself took the See also:cross, secured the election and See also:coronation of his See also:young son Henry as his successor, appointed Henry I., See also:archbishop of See also:Mainz, ks his See also:guardian, and set out for See also:Palestine in the autumn of 1147. Marching with a large and splendid See also:army through See also:Hungary, he reached See also:Asia See also:Minor, where his forces were decimated by disease and by the See also:sword. Stricken by illness, Conrad returned to See also:Constantinople at See also:Christmas 1147, but in March 1148 set out to rejoin his troops. Having shared in the fruitless attack on See also:Damascus, he left Palestine in See also:September 1148, and passed the ensuing See also:winter at Constantinople, where he made fresh plans for an attack on Roger of Sicily. He reached Italy by See also:sea; but the See also:news that Roger had allied himself with See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis VII., king of See also:France, and his old opponent Welf of Bavaria, compelled him to return hastily to Germany, which was again in disorder. He was obliged to neglect repeated invitations from the Romans, who sent him a specially urgent See also:letter in 1149, and consequently never received the imperial See also:crown.
Conrad died on the 15th of See also:February 1152 at Bamberg, where he was buried. By his wife, Gertrude, daughter of See also:Berenger,See also:count of Sulzbach, he had two sons, the elder of whom, Henry, died in 115o. Passing over his younger son Frederick on See also:account of his youth, he appointed as his successor his See also:nephew Frederick III., duke of Swabia, afterwards the emperor Frederick I. Conrad possessed military talents, and had many estimable qualities, but he lacked perseverance and foresight, and was hampered by his obligations to the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church.
The See also:chief authority for Conrad's life and reign is See also:Otto of See also:Freising, Chronicon," in the Monumenta Germaniae historica. Scriptores, See also:Band xx. (See also:Hanover and See also:Berlin, 1826-1892). The best See also:modern authorities are L. von See also:Ranke, Weltgeschichte, achter Teil (See also:Leipzig, 1887–1888), W. von See also:Giesebrecht, Geschichte der deutschen Kaiserzeit, Band iv. (See also:Brunswick, 1877), J. Jastrow, Deutsche Geschichte See also:im Zeitalter der Hohenstaufen (Berlin, 1893) ; Ph. Jaffe, Geschickte See also:des deutschen Reiches unter Lothar dem Sachsen (Berlin, '843); W. Bernhardi, Konrad III. (Leipzig, 1883) ; O. von Heinemann, Lothar der Sachse and Konrad III. (See also:Halle, 1869).
End of Article: CONRAD III
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