|
See also:CONRAD II . (c. 99o-~1o39), See also:Roman See also:emperor, founder of the Franconian or Salian See also:dynasty, was a son of See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry, See also:count of See also:Spires, See also:grandson of See also:Otto I., See also:duke of See also:Carinthia, and through his See also:great-grandmother Liutgarde, wife of Conrad the Red, duke of See also:Lorraine, a descendant of the emperor Otto the Great. He was See also:Law, 1904, pt. i. p. 64), " will take See also:place when the conquering
See also:power has declared its will to annex it, and has established its authority throughout the territory, any opposition still made being on the See also:scale of See also:brigandage rather than of See also:war, and no corner remains in which the See also:ordinary functions of See also:government are carried on in the name of the old See also:state."
a: member of the See also:family of the Conradines, See also:counts in See also:Franconia, but the family estates had passed to another See also:branch, and were held at this See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time by another Conrad, called the " younger " to distinguish him from his See also:elder relative. He appears to have been a See also:man of strong See also:character, and owing to his skill in warfare, and especially to his See also:marriage in sorb with Gisela, widow of Ernest I., duke of See also:Swabia, won position and See also:influence in See also:Germany. When the emperor Henry II. died in 1024, the two Conrads were the most prominent candidates for the See also:throne, and are said to have mutually agreed to abide by the decision of the See also:electors. After some delay the elder Conrad was elected See also:German See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king See also:early in See also:September 1024. He owed his See also:election to the support of the German bishops, especially that of Aribo, See also:arch-See also:bishop of See also:Mainz, who crowned him in his See also:cathedral on the 8th of September 1024; and the king's biographer, Wipo, remarks that See also:Charlemagne himself could 1 et have been welcomed more gladly by the See also:people. Aribo, however, refused to perform this ceremony for Gisela, as she was within the prohibited degrees of See also:affinity, and she was crowned some days later at See also:Aix-la-Chapelle by See also:Pilgrim, See also:archbishop of See also:Cologne. Conrad then travelled through his dominions, received See also:tribute from tribes dwelling See also:east of See also:Saxony, and by his See also:journey " See also:bound the See also:kingdom most firmly in the See also:bond of See also:peace, and the kingly See also:protection." His position, however, was full of difficulty, and the various elements of discontent tended to unite. Boleslaus, duke of the Poles, took the See also:title of king, and assumed a threatening attitude; See also:Rudolph III., king of See also:Burgundy or See also:Arles, who had arranged that the emperor Henry II. should succeed him, refused to make a similar arrangement with Conrad; many of the Italians were hoping to obtain a king from See also:France; and some German princes, including Conrad the younger, and the king's step-son Ernest II., duke of Swabia, showed signs of revolt.
The See also:death of Boleslaus in 1025, and a cession of some lands See also:north of the See also:Eider to Canute, king of See also:Denmark and See also:England, secured the See also:northern and eastern frontiers of Germany from attack, and the king's domestic enemies were soon crushed. In 1026 Conrad set out for See also:Italy, and supported by Heribert, archbishop of See also:Milan, assumed the Lombard See also:crown in that See also:city, and afterwards overcame the resistance which was offered by See also:Pavia and See also:Ravenna. Travelling to See also:Rome, he was crowned emperor in the presence of the See also:kings of Burgundy and Denmark by See also:Pope See also:John XIX., on the 26th of See also:March 1027. The emperor then visited See also:southern Italy, where by mingling See also:justice with severity he secured respect for the imperial authority; and returned to Germany to find Ernest of Swabia, the younger Conrad, and their associates again in arms. One cause of this rising was the claim put forward by Ernest to the Burgundian See also:succession, as King Rudolph was his great-See also:uncle. But his efforts were unsuccessful, and in 1028 the revolt was suppressed; while in the meantime the emperor had met Rudolph of Burgundy at See also:Basel, and had secured for himself a promise of thasuccession. The emperor's presence was soon needed in the east, where Mesislaus, duke of the Poles, and See also:Stephen I., king of See also:Hungary, were ravaging the See also:borders of Germany. An expedition against Stephen in 1029 was only partially successful, but he submitted in 1031, and in 1032 Mesislaus was compelled to cede See also:Lusatia to Conrad. In 1030 Ernest of Swabia was killed in See also:battle; and in September 1032 the king of Burgundy died, and his kingdom was at once seized by his See also:nephew See also:Odo,'count of See also:Champagne. See also:Collecting an See also:army, Conrad marched into Burgundy in 1033, was chosen and crowned king of Peterlingen, and after See also:driving his See also:rival from the See also:land was again crowned at See also:Geneva in 1034. Having asserted his authority over the Bohemians and other See also:Slavonic tribes, Conrad went a second time to Italy in 1036 in response to an See also:appeal from Heribert of Milan, whose oppressions had led to a See also:general rising of the smaller vassals against their lords. An See also:assembly was held at Pavia, and when Heribert refused to obey the commands of the emperor he was seized and imprisoned; but he escaped to Milan, where the citizens took up arms in his favour. Unable to take Milan, Conrad issued in May 1037 an edictum de beneficiis, by which he decreed that the principle of See also:heredity should apply in Italy to lands held by sub-vassals, and that this class of tenants should not be deprived of their lands 'except by the See also:sentence of their peers, and should retain the right of appeal to the emperor. Having crushed a rising at See also:Parma and See also:left the city in flames, Conrad restored Pope See also:Benedict IX. to Rome, and marched into southern Italy, where he invested the See also:Norman Rainulf with the See also:county of See also:Aversa, and gave the principality of See also:Capua to Waimar IV., See also:prince of See also:Salerno. Returning to Germany, the emperor handed over the kingdom of Burgundy to his son Henry, afterwards the emperor Henry III., and proceeded to See also:Utrecht, where he died on the 4th of See also:June 1039. Hewas buried in the cathedral which he had begun to build at Spires.
Conrad did much for the strengthening of the German kingdom. Its boundaries were extended by the acquisition of Burgundy and the reconquest of Lusatia; disturbances of the peace became fewer and were more easily suppressed than heretofore ; and three of the duchies, See also:Bavaria, Franconia and Swabia, were made apanages of the royal See also:house. Although he did not See also:decree that German fiefs should be hereditary, he favoured the tendency in this direction, and so attempted to make the smaller vassals a check on the power of the nobles. He endeavoured to unite Italy and Germany by inter-marriages between the families of the two countries, governed Italy to a large extent by German officials, and ordered that the law of Justinian should supersede Lombard law in the Roman territories. He ruled the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church with a See also:firm See also:hand; appointed his own supporters, regardless of their individual fitness, to bishoprics and abbeys; and sought by inquiry to restore to the royal domain the estates granted to the church by his predecessors.
See Wipo, Gesta Chuonradi II. imperatoris, Herimann of See also:Reichenau, Chronicon, Annales Sangallenses majores, Annales Hildisheimenses, all in the Monumenta Germaniae historica. Scriptores (See also:Hanover and See also:Berlin, 1826–1892). An edition of Wipo, together with parts of the Chronicon and the Annales Sangallenses, edited by H. Bresslau, was published at Hanover in 1878.
H. Bresslau, Jahrbucher See also:des deutschen Reichs unter Konrad II. (See also:Leipzig, 1879–1884) ; H. Bresslau, See also:Die Kanzlei Kaiser Konrads II. (Berlin, 1869) ; W. See also:Arndt, Die Wahl Conrad II. (See also:Gottingen, 1861); J. von Pflugk-Harttung, Untersuchungen zur Geschichte Kaiser Konrads II. (See also:Stuttgart, 1890), G. A. H. Stenzel, Geschichte See also:Deutsch-lands unter den ,frankischen Kaisern (Leipzig, 1827–1828) ; M. Pfenninger, Die ksrchliche Politik Kaiser Konrads II. (See also:Halle, 188o) ; M. Pfenninger, Kaiser Konrads II. Beziehungen zu Aribo von Mainz Pilgrim von Koln, and Aribert von Mailand (See also:Breslau, 1891); O. Blumcke, Burgund unter See also:Rudolf III. and der Heimfall der burgundischen Krone an Kaiser Konrad II. (Greifswald, 1869) ; W. von See also:Giesebrecht, Geschichte der deutschen Kaiserzeit (Leipzig, 1881–189o); H. See also:Pabst, " Frankreich and Konrad II. in den Jahren 1024 and 1025," in the Forschungen zur deutschen Geschichte, See also:Rand v. (Gottingen, 1862–1886).
End of Article: CONRAD II
Additional information and Comments
There are no comments yet for this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.
Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.
|
del.icio.us it!