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See also:DELUC, See also:JEAN See also:ANDRE (1727–1817) , Swiss geologist and meteorologist, See also:born at See also:Geneva on the 8th of See also:February 1727, was descended from a See also:family which had emigrated from See also:Lucca and settled at Geneva in the 15th See also:century. His See also:father, See also:Francois Deluc, was the author of some publications in refutation of See also:Mandeville and other rationalistic writers, which are best known through See also:Rousseau's humorous See also:account of his ennui in See also:reading them; and he gave his son an excellent See also:education, chiefly in See also:mathematics and natural See also:science. On completing it he engaged in See also:commerce, which principally occupied the first See also:forty-six years of his See also:life, without any other interruption than that which was occasioned by some journeys of business into the neighbouring countries, and a few scientific excursions among the See also:Alps. During these, however, he collected by degrees, in See also:conjunction with his See also:brother See also:Guillaume See also:Antoine, a splendid museum of See also:mineralogy and of natural See also:history in See also:general, which was afterwards increased by his See also:nephew J. Andre Deluc (1763–1847), who was also a writer on See also:geology. He at the same See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time took a prominent See also:part in politics. In 1768 he was sent to See also:Paris on an See also:embassy to the duc de See also:Choiseul, whose friendship he succeeded in gaining. In 1770 he was nominated one of the See also:Council of Two See also:Hundred. Three years later unexpected reverses in business made it advisable for him to quit his native See also:town, which he only revisited once for a few days. The See also:change was welcome in so far as it set him entirely See also:free for scientific pursuits, and it was with little regret that he removed to See also:England in 1773. He was made a See also:fellow of the Royal Society in the same See also:year, and received the See also:appointment of reader to See also:Queen See also:Charlotte, which he continued
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to hold for forty-four years, and which afforded him both leisure and a competent income. In the latter part of his life he obtained leave to make several See also:tours in See also:Switzerland, See also:France, See also:- HOLLAND
- HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
- HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
- HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
- HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
- HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
- HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
- HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART
Holland and See also:Germany. In Germany he passed the six years from 1998 to 1804; and after his return he undertook a See also:geological tour through England. When he was at See also:Gottingen, in the beginning of his See also:German tour, he received the compliment of being appointed honorary See also:professor of See also:philosophy and geology in that university; but he never entered upon the active duties of a professorship. He was also a correspondent of the See also:Academy of Sciences at Paris, and a member of several other scientific associations. He died at See also:Windsor on the 7th of See also:November 1817.
His favourite studies were geology and See also:meteorology. The situation of his native See also:country had naturally led him to contemplate the peculiarities of the See also:earth's structure, and the properties of the See also:atmosphere, as particularly displayed in mountainous countries, and as subservient to the measurement of heights. According to See also:Cuvier, he ranked among the first geologists of his See also:age. His See also:principal geological See also:work, Lettres physiques et morales sur See also:les montagnes et sur l'histoire de la terre et de l'homme, first published in 1778, and in a more See also:complete See also:form in 1779, was dedicated to Queen Charlotte. It dealt with the See also:appearance of mountains and the antiquity of the.human See also:race, explained the six days of the See also:Mosaic creation as so many epochs preceding the actual See also:state of the globe, and attributed the See also:deluge to the filling up of cavities supposed to have been See also:left void in the interior of the earth. He published later an important See also:series of volumes on geological travels in the See also:north of See also:Europe (1810), in England (1811), and in France, Switzerland and Germany (1813). These were translated into See also:English.
Deluc's See also:original experiments See also:relating to meteorology were valuable to the natural philosopher; and he discovered many facts of considerable importance relating to See also:heat and moisture. He noticed the disappearance of heat in the thawing of See also:ice about the same time that J. See also:Black founded on it his ingenious See also:hypothesis of latent heat. He ascertained that See also:water was more dense about 4o° F. (4° C.) than at the temperature of freezing, expanding equally on each See also:side of the maximum; and he was the originator of the theory, afterward readvanced by See also:John See also:Dalton, that the quantity of aqueous vapour contained in any space is See also:independent of the presence' or See also:density of the See also:air, or. of any other elastic fluid.
His Recherches sur les modifications de l'atmosphere (2 vols. 4to, Geneva, 1772; 2nd ed., 4 vols. 8vo, Paris, 1784) contains many accurate and ingenious experiments upon moisture, evaporation and the indications of hygrometers and thermometers, applied to the See also:barometer employed in determining heights. In the Phil. Trans., 1773, appeared his account of a new See also:hygrometer, which resembled a See also:mercurial thermometer, with an See also:ivory bulb, which See also:expanded by moisture, and caused the See also:mercury to descend. The first correct rules ever published for measuring heights -by the barometer were those he gave in the Phil. Trans., 1771, p. 158. His Lettres sur'l'histoire physique de la terre (8vo, Paris, 1798), addressed to Professor See also:Blumenbach, contains an See also:essay on the existence of a General Principle of Morality. It also gives an interesting account of some conversations of the author with See also:Voltaire and Rousseau. Deluc was an ardent admirer of See also:- BACON
- BACON (through the O. Fr. bacon, Low Lat. baco, from a Teutonic word cognate with " back," e.g. O. H. Ger. pacho, M. H. Ger. backe, buttock, flitch of bacon)
- BACON, FRANCIS (BARON VERULAM, VISCOUNT ST ALBANS) (1561-1626)
- BACON, JOHN (1740–1799)
- BACON, LEONARD (1802–1881)
- BACON, ROGER (c. 1214-c. 1294)
- BACON, SIR NICHOLAS (1509-1579)
Bacon, on whose writings he published two works—Bacon tel qu'il est (8vo, See also:Berlin, 1800), showing the See also:bad faith of the See also:French translator, who had omitted many passages favourable to revealed See also:religion, and Precis de la philosophic de Bacon (2 vols. 8vo, Paris, 1802), giving an interesting view of the progress of natural science. Lettres sur le Christianisme (Berlin and See also:Hanover, 18o1, 1803) was a controversial See also:correspondence with Dr See also:Teller of Berlin in regard to the Mosaic See also:cosmogony. His Truitt elementaire de geologic (8vo, Paris, 18og, also in English, by de la Fite, the same year) was principally intended as a refutation of the Vulcanian See also:system of See also:Hutton and See also:Playfair, who deduced the changes of the earth's structure from the operation of See also:fire, and attributed a higher antiquity to the See also:present state of the continents than is required in the Neptunian system adopted by Deluc after D. See also:Dolomieu. He sent to the Royal Society, in1809, a See also:long See also:paper on separating the chemical from the See also:electrical effect of the See also:pile, with a description of the electric See also:column and aerial See also:electroscope, in which he advanced opinions so little in unison with the latest discoveries of the See also:day, that the council deemed it inexpedient to admit them into the Transactions. The paper was afterwards published in See also:Nicholson's See also:Journal (See also:xxvi.), and the dry column described in it was constructed by various experimental philosophers. This dry pile or electric column has been regarded as his See also:chief See also:discovery.
Many other of his papers on subjects kindred to those already mentioned are to be found in the Transactions and in the Philosophical See also:Magazine. See Philosophical Magazine (November 1817).
End of Article: DELUC, JEAN ANDRE (1727–1817)
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