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ODOFREDUS , an See also:Italian jurist of the 13th See also:century. He was See also:born at See also:Bologna and studied See also:law under See also:Balduinus and See also:Accursius. After having practised as an See also:advocate both in See also:Italy and See also:France, he became See also:professor at Bologna in 1228. The commentaries on See also:Roman law attributed to him are valuable as showing the growth of the study of law in Italy, and for their See also:biographical details of the jurists of the 12th and 13th centuries. Odofredus died at Bologna on the 3rd of See also:December 1265.
Over his name appeared Lecturae in codicem (See also:Lyons, 1480) Lecturae in digestum vetus (See also:Paris, 1504), Summa de libellis formandis (See also:Strassburg, 151o), Lecturae in See also:tees libros (See also:Venice, 1514), and Lecturae in digestum novum (Lyons, 1552).
O'DONNELL, the name of an See also:ancient and powerful Irish See also:family, lords of Tyrconnel in See also:early times, and the See also:chief rivals of the O'Neills in See also:Ulster. Like the family of O'See also:Neill (q.v.), that of O'Donnell was descended from Niall of the Nine Hostages, See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of See also:Ireland at the beginning of the 5th century; the O'Neills, or Cinell See also:Owen, tracing their See also:pedigree to Owen (Eoghan), and the O'Donnells, or Cinel Connell, to Conall Gulban, both sons of Niall. Tyrconnel, the See also:district named after the Cinel Connell, where the O'Donnells held sway, comprised the greater See also:part of the See also:modern See also:county of See also:Donegal except the See also:peninsula of Inishowen; and since it See also:lay conterminous with the territory ruled by the O'Neills of See also:Tyrone, who were continually attempting to assert their supremacy over it, the See also:history of the O'Donnells is for the most part a See also:record of tribal warfare with their powerful neighbours, and of their own efforts to make See also:good their claims to the overlordship of See also:northern See also:Connaught.
The first chieftain of See also:mark in the family was Goffraidh (See also:Godfrey), son of Donnell Mor O'Donnell (d. 1241). Goffraidh, who was " inaugurated " as " The O'Donnell," i.e. chief of the See also:clan, in 1248, made a successful inroad into Tyrone against See also:Brian O'Neill in 1252. In 1257 he drove the See also:English out of northern Connaught, after a single combat with See also:Maurice See also:Fitzgerald in which both warriors were wounded. O'Donnell while still incapacitated by his See also:wound was summoned by Brian O'Neill to give hostages in token of submission. Carried on a See also:litter at the See also:head of his clan he gave See also:battle to O'Neill, whom he defeated with severe loss in prisoners and See also:cattle; but he died of his wound immediately afterwards near See also:Letterkenny, and.was succeeded in the chieftainship by his See also:brother Donnell Oge, who returned from See also:Scotland in See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time to withstand successfully the demands of O'Neill.
In the 16th century, when the English began to make deter-See also:mined efforts to bring the whole of Ireland under subjection to the See also:crown, the O'Donnells of Tyrconnel played a leading part; co-operating at times with the English, especially when such co-operation appeared to promise See also:triumph over their ancient enemies the O'Neills, at other times joining with the latter against the English authorities.
1 The Cinel, or Kinel, was a See also:group of related clans occupying an extensive district. See P. W. gJoyce, A Social History of Ireland (See also:London, 1903), i. 166.
• MANUS O'DONNELL (d. 1564), son of See also:Hugh Dubh O'Donnell, was See also:left by his See also:father to See also:rule Tyrconnel, though still a See also:mere youth, when Hugh Dubh went on a See also:pilgrimage to See also:Rome about 1511. Hugh Dubh had been chief of the O'Donnells during one of the bitterest and most protracted of the feuds between his clan and the O'Neills, which in 1491 led to a See also:war, lasting more than ten years. On his return from Rome in broken See also:health after two years' See also:absence, his son Manus, who had proved himself a capable See also:leader in defending his See also:country against the O'Neills, retained the chief authority. A family See also:quarrel ensued, and when Hugh Dubh appealed for aid against his son to the Maguires, Manus made an See also:alliance with the O'Neills, by whose assistance he established his hold over Tyrconnel. But in 1522 the two See also:great northern clans were again at war. See also:Conn Bacach O'Neill, 1st See also:earl of Tyrone, determined to bring the O'Donnells under thorough subjection. Supported by several septs of See also:Munster and Connaught, Ind assisted also by English contingents and by the MacDonnells of See also:Antrim, O'Neill took the See also:castle of See also:Ballyshannon, and after devastating a large part of Tyrconnel he encamped at Knockavoe, near See also:Strabane. Here he was surprised at See also:night by Hugh Dubh and Manus O'Donnell, and routed with the loss of goo men and an immense quantity of See also:booty. Although this was one of the bloodiest fights that ever took See also:place between the O'Neills and the O'Donnells, it did not bring the war to an end; and in 1531 O'Donnell applied to the English See also:government for See also:protection, giving assurances of See also:allegiance to See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry VIII. In 1537 See also:Lord See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas Fitzgerald and his five uncles were executed for See also:rebellion in Munster, and the English government made every effort to lay hands also on Gerald, the youthful See also:heir to the earldom of See also:Kildare, a boy of twelve years of See also:age who was in the See also:secret custody of his aunt See also:Lady Eleanor McCarthy. This lady, in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to secure a powerful See also:protector for the boy, accepted an offer of See also:marriage by Manus O'Donnell, who on the See also:death of Hugh Dubh in See also:July 1537 was inaugurated The O'Donnell. Conn O'Neill was a relative of Gerald Fitzgerald, and this event accordingly led to the formation of the Geraldine See also:League, a federation which combined the O'Neills, the O'Donnells, the O'Briens of See also:Thomond, and other powerful clans; the See also:primary See also:object of which was to restore Gerald to the earldom of Kildare, but which afterwards aimed at the See also:complete overthrow of English rule in Ireland. In See also:August 1 539 Manus O'Donnell and Conn O'Neill were defeated with heavy loss by the lord See also:deputy at See also:Lake Bellahoe, in See also:Monaghan, which crippled their See also:power for many years. In the See also:west Manus made unceasing efforts to assert the supremacy of the O'Donnells in See also:north Connaught, where he compelled O'Conor See also:Sligo to acknowledge his over-lordship in 1539. In 1542 he went to See also:England and presented himself, together with Conn O'Neill and other Irish chiefs, before Henry VIII., who promised to make him earl of Tyrconnel, though he refused O'Donnell's See also:request to be made earl of Sligo. In his later years Manus was troubled by quarrels between his sons See also:Calvagh and Hugh MacManus; in 1555 he was made prisoner by Calvagh, who deposed him from all authority in Tyrconnel, and he died in 1564. Manus O'Donnell, though a fierce See also:warrior, was hospitable and generous to the poor and the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church. He is described by the Four Masters as " a learned See also:man, skilled in many arts, gifted with a profound See also:intellect, and the knowledge of every See also:science." At his castle of Portnatrynod near Strabane he supervised if he did not actually dictate the See also:writing of the See also:Life of See also:Saint Columbkille in Irish, which is preserved in the Bodleian Library at See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford. Manus was several times married. His first wife, See also:Joan O'Reilly, was the See also:mother of Calvagh, and two daughters, both of whom married O'Neills; the younger, See also:Margaret, was wife of the famous See also:rebel See also:Shane O'Neill. His second wife, Hugh's mother, by whom he was ancestor of the earls of Tyrconnel (see below), was See also:Judith, See also:sister of Conn Bacach O'Neill, 1st earl of Tyrone, and aunt of Shane O'Neill.
End of Article: ODOFREDUS
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