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See also:FITZGERALD, See also:LORD See also:EDWARD (1763-1798) , Irish conspirator, fifth son of See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James, 1st See also:duke of See also:Leinster, by his wife See also:Emilia See also:Mary, daughter of See also:Charles See also:Lennox, 2nd duke of See also:Richmond, was See also:born at Carton See also:House, near See also:Dublin, on the 15th of See also:October 1763, In 1773 the duke of Leinster died, and his widow soon afterwards married See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:Ogilvie, who superintended Lord Edward's See also:early See also:education. Joining the See also:army in 1779, Lord Edward served with See also:credit in See also:America on the See also:staff of Lord Rawdon (afterwards See also:marquess of See also:Hastings), and at the See also:battle of Eutaw Springs (8th of See also:September 1781) he was severely wounded, his See also:life being saved by a See also:negro named Tony, whom Lord Edward retained in his service till the end of his life. In 1783 Fitzgerald returned to See also:Ireland, where his See also:brother, the duke of Leinster, had procured his See also:election to the Irish See also:parliament as member for See also:Athy. In parliament he acted with the small
Opposition See also:group led by See also:Grattan (q.v.), but took no prominent See also:part in debate. After spending a See also:short See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time at See also:Woolwich to See also:complete his military education, he made a tour through See also:Spain in 1787; and then, dejected by unrequited love for his See also:cousin Georgina Lennox (afterwards See also:Lady See also:Bathurst), he sailed for New See also:Brunswick to join the 54th See also:regiment with the See also:rank of See also:major. The love-sick See also:mood and romantic temperament of the See also:young Irishman found congenial See also:soil in the See also:wild surroundings of unexplored See also:Canadian forests, and the See also:enthusiasm thus engendered for the " natural " life of savagery may have been already fortified by study of See also:Rousseau's writings, for which at a later See also:period Lord Edward expressed his admiration. In See also:February 1789, guided by See also:compass, he traversed the See also:country, practically unknown to See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
white men, from Frederickstown to See also:Quebec, falling in with See also:Indians by the way, with whom he fraternized; and in a subsequent expedition he was formally adopted at See also:Detroit by the See also:Bear tribe of See also:Hurons as one of their chiefs, and made his way down the See also:Mississippi to New See also:- ORLEANS
- ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
- ORLEANS, DUKES OF
- ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
- ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
- ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
- ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
- ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
- ORLEANS, PHILIP I
- ORLEANS, PHILIP II
Orleans, whence he returned to See also:England.
Finding that his brother had procured his election for the See also:county of See also:Kildare, and desiring to maintain See also:political See also:independence, Lord Edward refused the command of an expedition against See also:Cadiz offered him by See also:Pitt, and devoted himself for the next few years to the pleasures of society and his See also:parliamentary duties. He was on terms of intimacy with his relative C. J. See also:Fox, with R. B. See also:Sheridan and other leading Whigs. According to See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas See also:Moore, Lord Edward Fitzgerald was the only one of the numerous suitors of Sheridan's first wife whose attentions were received with favour; and it is certain that, whatever may have been its limits, a warm mutual See also:affection subsisted between the two. His Whig connexions combined with his transatlantic experiences to predispose Lord Edward to sympathize with the doctrines of the See also:French Revolution, which he embraced with ardour when he visited See also:Paris in October 1792. He lodged with Thomas See also:Paine, and listened to the debates in the See also:Convention. At a convivial gathering on the 18th of See also:November he supported a See also:toast to " the speedy abolition of all hereditary titles and feudal distinctions," and gave See also:- PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)
proof of his zeal by expressly repudiating his own title—a performance for which he was dismissed from the army. While in Paris Fitzgerald became enamoured of a young girl whom he chanced to see at the See also:theatre, and who is said to have had a striking likeness to Mrs Sheridan. Procuring an introduction he discovered her to be a protegee of Madame de Sillery, comtesse de Geniis. The parentage of the girl, whose name was Pamela (?1776-1831), is uncertain; but although there is some See also:evidence to support the See also:story of Madame de See also:Genlis that Pamela was born in See also:Newfoundland of parents called See also:Seymour or See also:Sims, the See also:common belief that she was the daughter of Madame de Genlis herself by Philippe (Egalit6), duke of Orleans, was probably well founded. On the 27th of See also:December 1792 Fitzgerald and Pamela were married at Tournay, one of the witnesses being See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis Philippe, afterwards See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of the French; and in See also:January 1793 the couple reached Dublin.
Discontent in Ireland was now rapidly becoming dangerous, and was finding a See also:focus in the Society of the See also:United Irishmen, and in the See also:Catholic See also:Committee, an organization formed a few years previously, chiefly under the direction of Lord Kenmare, to See also:watch the interests of the Catholics. French revolutionary doctrines had become ominously popular, and no one sympathized with them more warmly than Lord Edward Fitzgerald, who, fresh from the See also:gallery of the Convention in Paris, returned to his seat in the Irish parliament and threw himself actively into the See also:work of opposition. Within a See also:week of his arrival he denounced in the House of See also:Commons a See also:government See also:proclamation, which Grattan had approved, in See also:language so violent that he was ordered into custody and required to apologize at the See also:bar of the House. As early as 1794 the government had See also:information that placed Lord Edward under suspicion; but it was not till 1796 that he joined the United Irishmen, whose aim after the recall of Lord See also:Fitzwilliam in 1795 was avowedly the See also:establishment of an See also:independent Irish See also:republic. In May 1796 See also:Theobald See also:Wolfe See also:Tone was in Paris endeavouring to obtain French assist;ance for an insurrection in Ireland. In the same See also:month Fitzgerald and his friend See also:Arthur O'See also:Connor proceeded to See also:Hamburg, where they opened negotiations with the See also:Directory through Reinhard, French See also:minister to the Hanseatic towns. The duke of See also:York, See also:- MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)
meeting Pamela at See also:Devonshire House on her way through See also:London with her See also:husband, had told her that " all was known " about his plans, and advised her to persuade him not to go abroad. The proceedings of the conspirators at Hamburg were made known to the government in London by an informer, See also:Samuel See also:Turner. Pamela was entrusted with all her husband's secrets and took an active part in furthering his designs; and she appears to have fully deserved the confidence placed in her, though there is See also:reason to suppose that at times she counselled prudence. The result of the Hamburg negotiations was See also:Hoche's abortive expedition to See also:Bantry See also:Bay in December 1796. In September 1797 the government learnt from the informer MacNally that Lord Edward was among those directing the See also:conspiracy of the United Irishmen, which was now quickly maturing. He was specially concerned with the military organization, in which he held the See also:post of See also:colonel of the Kildare regiment and See also:head of the military committee. He had papers showing that 280,000 men were ready to rise. They possessed some arms, but the See also:supply was insufficient, and the leaders were hoping for a French invasion to make See also:good the deficiency and to give support to a popular uprising. But French help proving See also:dilatory and uncertain, the See also:rebel leaders in Ireland were divided in See also:opinion as to the expediency of taking the See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field without waiting for See also:foreign aid. Lord Edward was among the See also:advocates of the bolder course. His opinions and his proposals for See also:action were alike violent. He was on intimate terms with apologists for assassination; there is some evidence that he favoured a project for the See also:massacre of the Irish peers while in procession to the House of Lords for the trial of Lord See also:Kingston in May 1998. It was probably abhorrence of such See also:measures that converted Thomas See also:Reynolds from a conspirator to an informer; at all events, by him and several others the authorities were kept posted in what was going on, though lack of evidence producible in See also:court delayed the See also:arrest of the ringleaders. But on the 12th of See also:March 1798 Reynolds' information led to the seizure of a number of conspirators at the house of See also:Oliver See also:Bond. Lord Edward Fitzgerald, warned by Reynolds, was not among them. The government were anxious to See also:save him from the consequences of his own folly, and Lord See also:Clare said to a member of his See also:family, " for See also:God's See also:sake get this young See also:man out of the country; the ports shall be thrown open, and no hindrance whatever offered." Fitzgerald with chivalrous recklessness refused to See also:desert others who could not See also:- ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli
escape, and whom he had himself led into danger. On the 30th of March a proclamation establishing See also:martial See also:law and authorizing the military to See also:act without orders from the See also:civil See also:magistrate, which was acted upon with revolting See also:cruelty in several parts of the country, precipitated the crisis.
The government had now no choice but to secure if possible the See also:person of Lord Edward Fitzgerald, whose social position more than his abilities made him the most important See also:factor in the conspiracy. On the 11th of May a See also:reward of £r000 was offered for his See also:apprehension. The 23rd of May was the date fixed for the See also:general rising. Since the arrest at Bond's, Fitzgerald had been in hiding, latterly at the house of one See also:Murphy, a See also:feather dealer, in Thomas See also:Street, Dublin.
He twice visited his wife in disguise; was himself visited by his stepfather, Ogilvie, and generally observed less caution than his situation required. The conspiracy was honeycombed with treachery, and it was See also:long a See also:matter of dispute to whose information the government were indebted for Fitzgerald's arrest; but it is no longer open to doubt that the See also:secret of his hiding See also:place was disclosed by a Catholic See also:barrister named Magan, to whom the stipulated reward was ultimately paid through See also:Francis See also:Higgins, another informer. On the 19th of May Major See also:Swan and a Mr. See also:Ryan proceeded to Murphy's house with Major H. C. Sirr and a few soldiers. Lord Edward was discovered in See also:bed. A desperate scuffle took place, Ryan being mortally wounded by Fitzgerald with a See also:dagger, while Lord Edward himself was only secured after Sirr had
disabled him with a See also:pistol See also:bullet in the See also:shoulder. He was conveyed to Newgate See also:gaol, where by the kindness of Lord Clare he was visited by two of his relatives, and where he died of his See also:wound on the 4th of See also:June 1798. An Act of See also:- ATTAINDER (from the O. Fr. ataindre, ateindre, to attain, i.e. to strike, accuse, condemn; Lat. attingere, tangere, to touch; the meaning has been greatly affected by the confusion with Fr. taindre, teindre, to taint, stain, Lat. tingere, to dye)
Attainder (repealed in 1819) was passed, confiscating his See also:property; and his wife—against whom the government probably possessed sufficient evidence to secure a conviction for treason—was compelled to leave the country before her husband had actually expired.
Pamela, who was scarcely less celebrated than Lord Edward himself, and whose remarkable beauty made a lasting impression on See also:Robert See also:Southey, repaired to Hamburg, where in 1800 she married J. See also:Pitcairn, the See also:American See also:consul. Since her See also:marriage with Lord Edward she had been greatly beloved and esteemed by the whole Fitzgerald family; and although after her second marriage her intimacy with them ceased, there is no sufficient evidence for the tales that represented her subsequent conduct as open to See also:grave censure. She remained to the last passionately devoted to the memory of her first husband; and she died in Paris in November 1831. A portrait of Pamela is in the Louvre. She had three See also:children by Lord Edward Fitzgerald: Edward Fox (1794-1863); Pamela, afterwards wife of General See also:Sir See also:Guy See also:- CAMPBELL, ALEXANDER (1788–1866)
- CAMPBELL, BEATRICE STELLA (Mrs PATRICK CAMPBELL) (1865– )
- CAMPBELL, GEORGE (1719–1796)
- CAMPBELL, JOHN
- CAMPBELL, JOHN (1708-1775)
- CAMPBELL, JOHN CAMPBELL, BARON (1779-1861)
- CAMPBELL, JOHN FRANCIS
- CAMPBELL, LEWIS (1830-1908)
- CAMPBELL, REGINALD JOHN (1867— )
- CAMPBELL, THOMAS (1777—1844)
Campbell; and See also:Lucy Louisa, who married See also:Captain See also:Lyon, R.N.
Lord Edward Fitzgerald was of small stature and handsome features. His See also:character and career have been made the subject of eulogies much beyond their merits. He had, indeed, a winning See also:personality, and a warm, affectionate and generous nature, which made him greatly beloved by his family and See also:friends; he was humorous, See also:light-hearted, sympathetic, adventurous. But he was entirely without the weightier qualities requisite for such a part as he undertook to See also:play in public affairs. Hot-headed and impulsive, he lacked See also:judgment. He was as conspicuously deficient in the statesmanship as he was in the oratorical See also:genius of such men as See also:Flood, See also:Plunket or Grattan. One of his associates in conspiracy described him as " weak and not See also:fit to command a sergeant's guard, but very zealous." Reinhard, who considered Arthur O'Connor " a far abler man," accurately read the character of Lord Edward Fitzgerald as that of a young man " incapable of falsehood or perfidy, See also:frank, energetic, and likely to be a useful and devoted See also:instrument; but with no experience or extraordinary See also:- TALENT (Lat. talentum, adaptation of Gr. TaXavrov, balance, ! Recollections of a First Visit to the Alps (1841); Vacation Rambles weight, from root raX-, to lift, as in rXi vac, to bear, 1-aXas, and Thoughts, comprising recollections of three Continental
talent, and entirely unfit to be See also:chief of a See also:great party or See also:leader in a difficult enterprise."
See Thomas Moore, Life and See also:Death of Lord Edward Fitzgerald (2 vols., London, 1832), also a revised edition entitled The See also:Memoirs of Lord Edward Fitzgerald, edited with supplementary particulars by See also:- MARTIN (Martinus)
- MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
- MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
- MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
- MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
- MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
- MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
- MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
- MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
- MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
- MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)
Martin MacDermott (London, 1897) ; R. R. See also:Madden, The United Irishmen (7 vols., Dublin, 1842–1846) ; C. H. Teelin , See also:Personal Narrative of the Irish See also:Rebellion of 1798 (See also:Belfast, 1832; W. J. Fitzpatrick, The Sham See also:Squire, The Rebellion of Ireland and the Informers of 1798 (Dublin, 1866), and Secret Service under Pitt (London, 1892) ; J. A. See also:Froude, The See also:English in Ireland in the Eighteenth See also:Century (3 vols., London, 1872–1874) ; W. E. H. See also:Leek, See also:History of England in the Eighteenth Century, vols. vii. and viii. (London, 1896) ; Thomas Reynolds the younger, The Life of Thomas Reynolds (London, 1839) ; The Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox, edited by the countess of See also:Ilchester and Lord Stavordale (London, 1901); See also:Ida A. See also:- TAYLOR
- TAYLOR, ANN (1782-1866)
- TAYLOR, BAYARD (1825–1878)
- TAYLOR, BROOK (1685–1731)
- TAYLOR, ISAAC (1787-1865)
- TAYLOR, ISAAC (1829-1901)
- TAYLOR, JEREMY (1613-1667)
- TAYLOR, JOHN (158o-1653)
- TAYLOR, JOHN (1704-1766)
- TAYLOR, JOSEPH (c. 1586-c. 1653)
- TAYLOR, MICHAEL ANGELO (1757–1834)
- TAYLOR, NATHANIEL WILLIAM (1786-1858)
- TAYLOR, PHILIP MEADOWS (1808–1876)
- TAYLOR, ROWLAND (d. 1555)
- TAYLOR, SIR HENRY (1800-1886)
- TAYLOR, THOMAS (1758-1835)
- TAYLOR, TOM (1817-1880)
- TAYLOR, WILLIAM (1765-1836)
- TAYLOR, ZACHARY (1784-1850)
Taylor, The Life of Lord Edward Fitzgerald (London, 1903), which gives a prejudiced and distorted picture of Pamela. For particulars of Pamela, and especially as to the question of her parentage, see Gerald Campbell, Edward and Pamela Fitzgerald (London, 1904) ; Memoirs of Madame de Genlis (London, 1825) ; Georgette Ducrest, Chroniques populaires (Paris, 1855) ; Thomas Moore, Memoirs of the Life of R. B. Sheridan (London, 1825). (R. J.
End of Article: FITZGERALD, LORD EDWARD (1763-1798)
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