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ROSTOPTSCHIN, COUNT FEODOR VASSILIEVI...

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Originally appearing in Volume V23, Page 755 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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ROSTOPTSCHIN, See also:COUNT FEODOR VASSILIEVICH (1763-1826) , See also:Russian See also:general, was See also:born on the 23rd of See also:March 1763, in the See also:government of See also:Orel. He had See also:great See also:influence with the See also:Tsar See also:Paul, who made him in 1796 See also:adjutant-general, See also:grand-See also:marshal of the See also:court, then See also:minister of the interior. In 1799 he received the See also:title of count. He was disgraced in 18oI for his opposition to the See also:French See also:alliance, but was restored to favour in 181o, and was shortly afterwards appointed military See also:governor of See also:Moscow. He was therefore charged with its See also:defence against See also:Napoleon, and took every means to rouse the See also:population of the See also:town and See also:district against the invader. He has been generally charged with instigating the burning of Moscow the See also:day after the French had made their entry; it is certain that the prisons were opened by his See also:order, and that he took no means to stop the outbreak. He defended himself against the See also:charge of See also:incendiarism in a pamphlet printed in See also:Paris in 1823, La Verite sur l'incendie de Moscou, but he subsequently made See also:grave admissions. Shortly after the See also:congress of See also:Vienna, to which he had accompanied the Tsar See also:Alexander, he was disgraced. He only returned to See also:Russia in 1825, and died at Moscow on the 12th of See also:February of the next See also:year. His Memoires ecrits en See also:dix minutes were posthumously published at St See also:Petersburg in 1853, his CEuvres inedites in Paris in 1894. A partial See also:account of his See also:life was written by his See also:grandson A. de Segue (Paris, 1872). See also Varnhagen von Ense, Denkwurdigkeiten, vol. ix.; G.

Tzenoff, Wer See also:

hat Moskau See also:im Jahre 1812 in See also:Brand gesteckt (See also:Berlin, 1900). ROSTOV-ON-THE-See also:DON, a seaport of Russia, in the territory of the Don See also:Cossacks, well situated on the high right See also:bank of the Don, 13 M. from its mouth in the See also:Sea of See also:Azov. In 1731 a small fort was erected on an See also:island in the Don, near its mouth. See also:Thirty years later the fortifications were transferred to the site now occupied by Rostov, 5 M. above the See also:head of the first See also:branch of the See also:delta of the Don. The Don, which has here a breadth of 23o to 250 yds., with a hardly perceptible current, offers an excellent roadstead. The See also:navigation, however, is considerably impeded by the shallowness of the See also:river. Dredging operations have but partially remedied this. Moreover, the river is See also:frost-See also:bound for more than one See also:hundred days in the year. The population has grown rapidly: while in 1881 it was 70,700, in 1807 it numbered 119,889, and in 1905 126,375, exclusive of the suburbs; if these, which comprise See also:Nakhichevan (32,582 in 1905) be included, the population is well over 16o,000, a figure which is still further swollen in the summer by the influx of about 6o.000 men, who find See also:work in connexion with the shipment of See also:grain for export. The permanent population includes 15,000 See also:Jews, 5000 Armenians, with See also:Tatars, Poles, Germans and others. In Nakhichevan there are 20,500 Armenians. Owing to its situation on the navigable river Don and at the junction of three See also:railways, radiating to See also:north-western Russia, See also:Caucasia and the See also:Volga respectively, Rostov has become the See also:chief sea-See also:port of See also:south-See also:east ern Russia, being second in importance on the See also:Black Sea to See also:Odessa only.

It is the chief centre for the See also:

supply of agricultural machinery to the See also:steppe governments of south-eastern Russia. On an See also:average, £3,000,000 to £4,000,000 See also:worth of See also:wheat, about £1,000,000 worth of See also:rye, and over £1,500,000 worth of See also:barley are exported annually, besides oats, See also:flax, See also:linseed, See also:rape See also:seed, oilcake, See also:bran, See also:flour, See also:vegetable See also:oils, raw See also:wool and See also:caviare. The imports average between four and five millions See also:sterling annually, and consist largely of agricultural machinery. There are a See also:shipbuilding yard, flour-See also:mills, See also:tobacco factories, See also:iron See also:works, machinery works, distilleries, See also:soap works, See also:timber mills, See also:bell foundries, See also:paper mills and rope works. Rostov is the chief centre of See also:steam flour-mills for south-eastern Russia and Caucasia. Two fairs, one of which has considerable importance for the whole of south-eastern Russia, are held here yearly. Rostov has excellent See also:fisheries. The town has a See also:cathedral, a See also:fine town See also:hall (1897-99), navigation See also:schools, technical schools, and a See also:good municipal library.

End of Article: ROSTOPTSCHIN, COUNT FEODOR VASSILIEVICH (1763-1826)

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