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DIX, JOHN

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Originally appearing in Volume V08, Page 347 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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DIX, See also:JOHN ., See also:ADAMS (1798-1879), See also:American soldier and See also:political See also:leader, was See also:born at See also:Boscawen, New See also:Hampshire, on the 24th of See also:July 1798. He studied at See also:Phillips See also:Exeter See also:Academy in 1810-1811 and at the See also:College of See also:Montreal in 1811-1812, and as a boy took See also:part in the See also:War of 18rx, becoming a second See also:lieutenant in See also:March 1814. In July 1828, having attained the See also:rank of See also:captain, he resigned from the See also:army, and for two years practised See also:law at See also:Cooperstown, New See also:York. In 1830-1833 he was See also:adjutant-See also:general of New York. He soon became prominent as one of the leaders of the Democratic party in the See also:state, and for many years was a member of the so-called " See also:Albany Regency," a See also:group of Democrats who between about 182o and 185o exercised a virtual See also:control over their party in New York, dictating nominations and appointments and distributing patronage. From 1833 to 1839 he was secretary of state and See also:superintendent of See also:schools in New York, and in this capacity made valuable reports concerning the public schools of the state, and a See also:report (1836) which led to the publication of the Natural See also:History of the State of New York (1842-1866). In 1842 he was a member of the New York See also:assembly. In 1841':1843 he was editor of The See also:Northern See also:Light, a See also:literary and scientific See also:journal published in Albany. From 1845 to 1849 he was a See also:United States senator from New York; and as chairman of the See also:committee on See also:commerce was author of the warehouse See also:bill passed by See also:Congress in 1846 to relieve merchants from immediate See also:payment of duties on imported goods. In 1848 he was nominated for See also:governor of New York by, the See also:Free See also:Soil party, but was defeated by See also:Hamilton See also:Fish. His See also:acceptance of the nomination, however, earned him the enmity of the See also:southern Democrats, who prevented his See also:appointment by See also:Pierce as secretary of state and as See also:minister. to See also:France in 1853. In this See also:year Dix was for a few See also:weeks assistant U.S. treasurer in New York See also:city.

In May 186o he became postmaster of New York city, and from See also:

January until March 1861 he was secretary of the See also:treasury of the United States, in which capacity he issued (January 29, 1861) to a See also:revenue officer at New See also:Orleans a famous See also:order containing. the words, " if any one attempts to haul down the American See also:flag, shoot him on the spot." He rendered important services in hurrying forward troops in 186r, was appointed See also:major-general of See also:volunteers in Julie 1861, and during the See also:Civil War commanded successively the See also:department of See also:Maryland (July 1861–May 1862), Fortress See also:Monroe (May 1862–July 1863), and the department of the See also:East (July 1863–July 1865). He was minister to France from 1866 to 1869, and in 1872 was elected by the Republicans governor of New York, but was defeated two years later. He. had See also:great See also:energy and administrative ability, was for a See also:time See also:president of the See also:Chicago & See also:Rock See also:Island and of the See also:Mississippi & See also:Missouri See also:railways, first president of the See also:Union Pacific in 1863–1868, and for a See also:short time in 1872 president of the See also:Erie. He died in New York city on the 21st of See also:April 1879. Among his publications are A See also:Winter in See also:Madeira and a Summer in See also:Spain and See also:Florence (185o), and Speeches and Occasional Addresses (1864). He wrote excellent See also:English versions of the See also:Dies irae and the Stabat mater. His son, See also:MORGAN DIX (1827-1808), graduated at See also:Columbia in 1848 and at the General Theological See also:Seminary in 1852, and was ordained See also:deacon (1852) and See also:priest (1853) in the See also:Protestant Episcopalian See also:church. In 1855–1859 he was assistant minister, and in 1859–1862 assistant See also:rector, of Trinity Church, New York city, of which he was rector from 1862 until his See also:death. He published sermons and lectures; A History of the See also:Parish of Trinity Church, New York City (4 vols., 1898–1905); and a See also:biography of his See also:father, See also:Memoirs of John Adams Dix (2 vols., New York, 1883).

End of Article: DIX, JOHN

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