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See also:SYME, See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
JAMES (1799–1870) , Scottish surgeon, was See also:born at See also:Edinburgh on the 7th of See also:November 1799. His See also:father was a writer to the signet and a landowner in See also:Fife and Kinross, who lost most of his See also:fortune in attempting to develop the See also:mineral resources of his See also:property. James was sent to the high school at the See also:age of nine, and remained until he was fifteen, when he entered the university. For two years he frequented the arts classes (including See also:botany), and in 1817 began the medical curriculum, devoting himself with particular keenness to See also:chemistry. His chemical experiments led him to the See also:discovery that "a valuable substance is obtainable from See also:coal See also:tar which has the property of dissolving See also:india-See also:rubber," and could be used for waterproofing See also:silk and other textile fabrics—an See also:idea which was patented a few months afterwards by See also:Charles See also:Mackintosh, of See also:Glasgow. In the session 1818–1819 Syme became assistant and demonstrator of the dissecting See also:room of See also:Robert See also:Liston, who had started as an extra-mural teacher of See also:anatomy in competition with his old See also:master, Dr See also:John See also:Barclay; in those years he held also See also:resident appointments in the infirmary and the See also:fever See also:hospital, and spent some See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time in See also:Paris practising See also:dissection and operative See also:surgery. In 1823 Liston handed over to him the whole See also:charge of his anatomy classes, retaining his See also:interest in the school as a pecuniary venture; the arrangement did not See also:work smoothly, and a See also:feud with Liston arose, which did not terminate until twenty years later, when the latter was settled in See also:London. In 1824–1825 he started the See also:- BROWN
- BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
- BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
- BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
- BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
- BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
- BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
- BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
- BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
- BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
- BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
- BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
- BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
- BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
- BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
- BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
- BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
- BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
- BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
- BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
- BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
- BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
- BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)
Brown Square school of See also:medicine, but again disagreed with his partners in the venture. Announcing his intention to practise surgery only, Syme started a surgical hospital of his own, See also:Minto See also:House hospital, which he carried on from May 1829 to See also:September 1833, with See also:great success as a surgical charity and school of clinical instruction. It was here that he first put into practice his method of clinical teaching, which consisted in having the patients to be operated or prelected upon brought from the See also:- WARD
- WARD, ADOLPHUS WILLIAM (1837- )
- WARD, ARTEMUS
- WARD, EDWARD MATTHEW (1816-1879)
- WARD, ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS (1844-1911)
- WARD, JAMES (1769--1859)
- WARD, JAMES (1843– )
- WARD, JOHN QUINCY ADAMS (1830-1910)
- WARD, LESTER FRANK (1841– )
- WARD, MARY AUGUSTA [MRS HUMPHRY WARD]
- WARD, WILLIAM (1766-1826)
- WARD, WILLIAM GEORGE (1812-1882)
ward into a lecture-room or See also:theatre where the students were seated conveniently for seeing and taking notes. His private practice had become very consider-able, his position having been assured ever since his amputation at the See also:hip See also:joint in 1823, the first operation of the See also:kind in See also:Scotland. In 1833 he succeeded James See also:- RUSSELL (FAMILY)
- RUSSELL, ISRAEL COOK (1852- )
- RUSSELL, JOHN (1745-1806)
- RUSSELL, JOHN (d. 1494)
- RUSSELL, JOHN RUSSELL, 1ST EARL (1792-1878)
- RUSSELL, JOHN SCOTT (1808–1882)
- RUSSELL, LORD WILLIAM (1639–1683)
- RUSSELL, SIR WILLIAM HOWARD
- RUSSELL, THOMAS (1762-1788)
- RUSSELL, WILLIAM CLARK (1844– )
Russell as See also:professor of clinical surgery in the university. Syme's See also:accession to the clinical See also:chair was marked by two important changes in the conditions of it: the first was that the professor should have the care of surgical patients in the infirmary in right of his professorship, and the second, that attendance on his course should be obligatory on all candidates for the medical degree. When Liston removed to London in 1835 Syme became the leading consulting surgeon in Scotland. On Liston's See also:death in 1847 Syme was offered his vacant chair of clinical surgery at University See also:College, London, and accepted it. He began practice in London in See also:February 1848; but See also:early in May the same See also:year difficulties with two of his colleagues at See also:Gower See also:Street and a See also:desire to " See also:- ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli
escape from animosity and contention " led him to throw up his See also:appointment. He returned to Edinburgh in See also:July, and was reinstated in his old chair, to which the See also:crown authority had meanwhile found a difficulty in appointing. The See also:judgment of his See also:friends was that " he was always right in the See also:matter, but often wrong in the manner, of his quarrels." In 1849 he broached the subject of medical reform in a See also:letter to the See also:lord See also:advocate; in 1854 and 1857 he addressed open letters on thesame subject to Lord See also:Palmerston; and in 1858 a Medical See also:Act was passed which largely followed the lines laid down by him-self. As a member of the See also:general medical See also:council called into existence by the act, he made considerable stir in 1868 by an uncompromising statement of doctrines on medical See also:education, which were thought by many to be reactionary; they were, however, merely an See also:attempt to recommend the methods that had been characteristic of Edinburgh teaching since See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:Cullen's time—namely, a See also:constant reference of facts to principles, the subordination (but not the See also:sacrifice) of technical details to generalities, and the preference of large professional classes and the " See also:magnetism of See also:numbers " to the tutorial See also:system, which he identified with "cramming." In See also:April 1869 he had a paralytic seizure, and at once resigned his chair; he never recovered his See also:powers, and died near Edinburgh on the 26th of See also:June 187o.
Syme's surgical writings were numerous, although the terseness of his See also:style and directness of his method saved them from being bulky. In 1831 he published .4 See also:Treatise on the Excision of Diseased See also:Joints (the celebrated See also:ankle-joint amputation is known by his name). His Principles of Surgery (often reprinted) came out a few months later; Diseases of the Rectum in 1838; Stricture of the Urethra and See also:Fistula in Perineo in 1849; and Excision of the Scapula in 1864. In 1848 he collected into a See also:volume, under the See also:title of Contributions to the See also:Pathology and Practice of Surgery, See also:thirty-one See also:original See also:memoirs published in See also:periodicals from time to time; and in 1861 he issued another volume of Observations in Clinical Surgery. Syme's See also:character is not inaptly summed up in the See also:dedication to him by his old See also:- PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)
pupil, Dr John Brown, of the See also:series of essays See also:Locke and See also:Sydenham: " Verax, capax, perspicax, sagax, efficax, tenax."
See Memorials of the See also:Life of James Syme, by R. See also:Paterson, M.D., with portraits (Edinburgh, 1874).
End of Article: SYME, JAMES (1799–1870)
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