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See also:CATHERINE OF See also:BRAGANZA (1638-1705) , See also:queen See also:consort of See also:Charles II. of See also:England, daughter of See also:John IV. of See also:Portugal, and of Louisa de Gusman, daughter of the See also:duke of See also:Medina Sidonia, was See also:born on the 15/25 of See also:November 1638 at Villia Vicosa. She was See also:early regarded as a useful See also:medium for contracting an See also:alliance with England, more necessary than ever to Portugal after the treaty of the See also:Pyrenees in 1659 whereby Portugal was ostensibly abandoned by See also:France. Negotiations for the See also:marriage began during the reign of Charles I., were renewed immediately after the Restoration, and on the 23rd of See also:June, in spite of See also:Spanish opposition, the marriage See also:contract was signed, England securing See also:Tangier and Bombay, with trading privileges in See also:Brazil and the See also:East Indies, religious and commercial freedom in Portugal and two million Portuguese crowns (about .300,000) ; while Pgrtugal obtained military and See also:naval support against See also:Spain and See also:liberty of See also:worship for Catherine. She reached England on the 13th of May 1662, but was not visited by Charles at See also:Portsmouth till the 20th. The next See also:day the marriage was solemnized twice, according to the See also:Roman See also:Catholic and See also:Anglican usages. Catherine possessed several See also:good qualities, but had been brought up. in a conventual seclusion and was scarcely a wife Charles would have chosen for himself. Her See also:personal charms were not potent enough to wean Charles away from the society of his mistresses, and in a few See also:weeks after her arrival she became aware of her painful and humiliating position as the wife of the selfish and licentious See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king. On the first presentation to her of See also:Lady See also:Castlemaine, Charles's See also:mistress en titre, whom he insisted on making lady of her bedchamber, she fainted away. She withdrew from the king's society, and in spite of See also:Clarendon's attempts to moderate her resentment, declared she would return to Portugal rather than consent to a See also:base compliance. To overcome her resistance nearly the whole of her Portuguese See also:retinue was dismissed. She was helpless, and the violence of her grief and anger soon changed to passive resistance, and then to a See also:complete forbearance and complaisance which gained the king's regard and favour. In the midst of Charles's debauched and licentious See also:court, she lived neglected and retired, often deprived of her due See also:allowance, having no ambitions and taking no See also:part in See also:English politics, but keeping up rather her See also:interest in her native See also:country.
As the prospect diminished of her bearing See also:children to Charles, several schemes were set on See also:foot for procuring a See also:divorce on various pretexts. As a Roman Catholic and near to the king's See also:person Catherine was the See also:special See also:object of attack by the inventors of the Popish See also:Plot. In 1678 the See also:murder of See also:Sir See also:Edmund See also:Berry See also:Godfrey was ascribed to her servants, and See also:Titus See also:Oates accusedher of a See also:design to See also:poison the king. These charges, of which the absurdity was soon shown by See also:cross-examination, nevertheless placed the queen for some See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time in See also:great danger. On the 28th of November Oates accused her of high See also:treason, and the See also:Commons passed an address for her removal and that of all the Roman Catholics from See also:Whitehall. A See also:series of fresh depositions were sent in against her, and in June 1679 it was decided that she must stand her trial; but she was protected by the king, who in this instance showed unusual See also:chivalry and earned her gratitude. On the 17th of November See also:Shaftesbury moved in the See also:House of Lords for a divorce to enable the king to marry a See also:Protestant and have legitimate issue; but he received little support, and the See also:bill was opposed by Charles, who continued to show his wife " extraordinary See also:affection." During the See also:winter the calumnies against the queen were revived by Fitzharris,who, however, before his See also:execution in 1681 confessed to their falsity; and after the revival of the king's See also:influence subsequent to the See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford See also:parliament, the queen's position was no more assailed.
During Charles's last illness in 1685 she showed great anxiety for his reconciliation with the Romish See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church, and it was probably effected largely through her influence. She exhibited great grief at his See also:death. She afterwards resided at See also:Somerset House and at See also:Hammersmith, where she had privately founded a See also:convent. She interceded with great generosity, but ineffectually, for See also:Monmouth the same See also:year. On the loth of June 1688 she was See also:present at the See also:birth of the See also:prince of See also:Wales and gave See also:evidence before the See also:council in favour of the genuineness of the See also:child. She was still in England at the Revolution, having delayed her return to Portugal to prosecute a lawsuit against the second See also:earl of Clarendon, formerly her See also:- CHAMBERLAIN (0. Fr. chamberlain, chamberlenc, Mod. Fr. chambellan, from O. H. Ger. Chamarling, Chamarlinc, whence also the Med. Lat. cambellanus, camerlingus, camerlengus; Ital. camerlingo; Span. camerlengo, compounded of 0. H. Ger. Chamara, Kamara [Lat.
- CHAMBERLAIN, JOSEPH (1836— )
- CHAMBERLAIN, JOSHUA LAWRENCE (1828– )
- CHAMBERLAIN, SIR NEVILLE BOWLES (1820-1902)
chamberlain. She maintained at first good terms, with See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William and See also:Mary; but the practice of her See also:religion aroused jealousies, while her See also:establishment at Somerset House was said to be the See also:home of cabals against the See also:government; and in 1691 she settled for a See also:short time at Euston. She See also:left England finally with a See also:train of one See also:hundred persons in See also:March 1692, travelling through France and arriving at See also:Lisbon on the loth of See also:January 1693. She took up her See also:residence at the See also:palace of Bemposta, built by herself, near Lisbon. In 1703 she supported the See also:Methuen Treaty, which cemented still further the alliance between Portugal and England, and in 1704 she was appointed See also:regent of Portugal during the illness of her See also:brother King Pedro II., her See also:administration being distinguished by several successes gained over the Spaniards. She died on the 31st of See also:December 1705, bequeathing her great See also:wealth, the result of See also:long hoarding, after the See also:payment of See also:divers charitable legacies, to King Pedro; and was buried with great ceremony and splendour at Belem.
See L. C. See also:Davidson, Catherine of Braganza (1908).
End of Article: CATHERINE OF BRAGANZA (1638-1705)
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