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See also:COLLINGWOOD, See also:CUTHBERT COLLINGWOOD, See also:BARON (1750-,8,o) , See also:British See also:naval See also:commander, was See also:born at See also:Newcastle-upon-See also:Tyne, on the 26th of See also:September 1750. He was See also:early sent to school; and when only eleven years of See also:age he was put on See also:board the " See also:Shannon," then under the command of See also:Captain (afterwards See also:Admiral) Brathwaite, a relative of his own, to whose care and See also:attention he was in a See also:great measure indebted for that nautical knowledge which shone forth so conspicuously in his subsequent career. After serving under Captain Brathwaite for some years, and also under Admiral Roddam, he went in 1774 to See also:Boston with Admiral See also:Graves, and served in the naval See also:brigade at the See also:battle of Bunker See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
Hill (17th of See also:June 1775), where he gained his lieu-tenancy. In 1779 he was made commander of the " See also:Badger," and shortly afterwards See also:post-captain of the " Hinchinbroke," a small See also:frigate. In the See also:spring of 178o that See also:vessel, under the command of See also:Nelson, was employed upon an expedition to the See also:Spanish See also:Main, where it was proposed to pass into the Pacific by navigating boats along the See also:river See also:San Juan and the lakes See also:Nicaragua and See also:Leon. The See also:attempt failed, and most of those engaged in it became victims to the deadly See also:influence of the See also:climate. Nelson was promoted to a larger vessel, and Coiling-See also:wood succeeded him in the command. It is a fact worthy of See also:record that the latter succeeded the former very frequently from the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time when they first became acquainted, until the See also:star of Nelson set at Trafalgar—giving See also:place to that of Collingwood, less brilliant certainly, but not less steady in its lustre.
After commanding in another small frigate, Collingwood was promoted to the " See also:Sampson " (64); and in 1783 he was appointed to the " Mediator," destined for the See also:West Indies, where, with Nelson, who had a command on that station, he remained till the end of 1786. With Nelson he warmly co-operated in carrying into See also:execution the provisions of the See also:navigation See also:laws, which had been infringed by the See also:United States, whose See also:ships, notwithstanding the separation of the countries, continued to See also:trade to the West Indies, although that See also:privilege was by See also:law exclusively confined to British vessels. In 1786 Collingwood returned to See also:England, where, with the exception of a voyage to the West Indies, he remained until 1793, in which See also:year he was appointed captain of the " See also:Prince," the See also:flag-See also:ship of See also:Rear-Admiral See also:Bowyer. About two years previous to this event he had married See also:Miss Sarah Roddam—a fortunate See also:alliance, which
continued to be a solace to him amidst the privations to which the See also:life of a See also:seaman must ever be subject.
As captain of the " See also:Barfleur," Collingwood was See also:present at the naval engagement which was fought on the 1st of June 1794; and on that occasion he displayed equal See also:judgment and courage. On board the " Excellent " he shared in the victory of the 14th of See also:February 1797, when See also:Sir See also:John Jervis (See also:Lord St See also:Vincent) humbled the Spanish See also:fleet off Cape St Vincent. His conduct in this engagement was the theme of universal admiration through-out the fleet, and greatly advanced his fame as a naval officer. After blockading See also:Cadiz for some time, he returned for a few See also:weeks to See also:Portsmouth to repair. In the beginning of 1799 Collingwood was raised to the See also:rank of See also:vice-admiral, and hoisting his flag in the " See also:Triumph," he joined the Channel Fleet, with which he proceeded to the Mediterranean, where the See also:principal naval forces of See also:France and See also:Spain were assembled. Collingwood continued actively employed in watching the enemy, until the See also:peace of See also:Amiens restored him once more to the bosom of his See also:family.
The domestic repose, however, which he so highly relished, was cut See also:short by the recommencement of hostilities with France, and in the spring of 1803 he quitted the See also:home to which he was never again to return. The See also:duty upon which he was employed was that of watching the See also:French fleet off See also:Brest, and in the See also:discharge of it he displayed the most unwearied vigilance. Nearly two years were spent in this employment; but See also:Napoleon had at length matured his plans and equipped his armament, and the See also:grand, struggle which was to decide the See also:fate of See also:Europe and the dominion of the See also:sea was See also:close at See also:hand. The enemy's fleet having sailed from See also:Toulon, Admiral Collingwood was appointed to the command of a See also:squadron, with orders to pursue them. The combined fleets of France and Spain, after spreading terror throughout the West Indies, returned to Cadiz. On their way thither they See also:bore down upon Admiral Collingwood, who had only three vessels with him; but he succeeded in eluding the pursuit, although chased by sixteen ships of the See also:line. Ere one-See also:half of the enemy had entered the See also:harbour he See also:drew up before it and resumed the See also:blockade, at the same time employing an ingenious artifice to conceal the inferiority of his force. But the combined fleet was at last compelled to quit Cadiz; and the battle of See also:Trafalgar immediately followed. The brilliant conduct of Admiral Collingwood upon this occasion has been much and justly applauded. The French admiral drew up his fleet in the See also:form of a See also:crescent, and in a See also:double line, every alternate ship being about a See also:cable's length to windward of her second, both ahead and astern. The British fleet bore down upon this formidable and skilfully arranged armament in two See also:separate lines, the one led by Nelson in the " Victory," and the other by Collingwood in the " Royal See also:Sovereign." The latter vessel was the swifter sailer, and having shot considerably ahead of the See also:rest of the fleet, was the first engaged. " See," said Nelson, pointing to the " Royal Sovereign " as she penetrated the centre of the enemy's line, " see how that See also:noble See also:fellow Collingwood carries his ship into See also:action!" Probably it was at the same instant that Collingwood, as if in response to the observation of his great commander, remarked to his captain, " What would Nelson give to be here?" The consummate valour and skill evinced by Collingwood had a powerful moral influence upon both fleets. It was with the Spanish admiral's ship that the " Royal Sovereign " closed; and with such rapidity and precision did she pour in her broadsides upon the " See also:Santa Anrra," that the latter was on the See also:eve of striking in the midst of See also:thirty-three See also:sail of the line, and almost before another British ship had fired a See also:gun. Several other vessels, however, seeing the imminent peril of the Spanish flag-ship, came to her assistance, and hemmed in the " Royal Sovereign " on all sides; but the latter, after suffering severely, was relieved by the arrival of the rest of the British squadron; and not See also:long afterwards the " Santa See also:Anna " struck her See also:colours. The result of the battle of Trafalgar, and the expense at which it was See also:purchased, are well known. On the See also:death of Nelson, Collingwood assumed the supreme command; and by his skill and judgment greatly contributed to the preserva-
See also:Lion of the British ships, as well as of those which were captured from the enemy. He was raised to the See also:peerage as Baron Collingwood of Coldburne and Heathpool, and received the thanks of both Houses of See also:Parliament, with a See also:pension of £2000 per annum.
From this See also:period until the death of Lord Collingwood no great naval action was fought; but he was much occupied in important See also:political transactions, in which he displayed remarkable tact and judgment. Being appointed to the command of the Mediterranean fleet, he continued to cruise about, keeping a watchful See also:eye upon the movements of the enemy. His See also:health, however, which had begun to decline previously to the action of Trafalgar in 18o5, seemed entirely to give way, and he repeatedly requested See also:government to be relieved of his command, that he might return home; but he was urgently requested to remain, on the ground that his See also:country could not dispense with his services. This conduct has been regarded as harsh; but the See also:good sense and political sagacity which he displayed afford some palliation of the conduct of the government; and the high estimation in which he was held is proved by the circumstance that among the many able admirals, equal in rank and duration of service, none stood so prominently forward as to command the confidence of ministers and of the country to the same extent as he did. After many fruitless attempts to induce the enemy to put to sea, as well as to fall in with them when they had done so (which circumstance materially contributed to hasten his death), he expired on board the " Ville de See also:Paris," then lying off See also:Port Mahon, on the 7th of See also:March 181o.
Lord Collingwood's merits as a naval officer were in every respect of the first See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order. In See also:original See also:genius and romantic daring he was inferior to Nelson, who indeed had no equal in an age fertile in great commanders. In See also:seamanship, in See also:general See also:- TALENT (Lat. talentum, adaptation of Gr. TaXavrov, balance, ! Recollections of a First Visit to the Alps (1841); Vacation Rambles weight, from root raX-, to lift, as in rXi vac, to bear, 1-aXas, and Thoughts, comprising recollections of three Continental
talent, and in reasoning upon the See also:probability of events from a number of conflicting and ambiguous statements, Collingwood was equal to the See also:hero of the See also:Nile; indeed, many who were See also:familiar with both give him the See also:palm of superiority. His political penetration was remarkable; and so high was the See also:opinion generally entertained of his judgment, that he was consulted in all quarters, and on all occasions, upon questions of general policy, of regulation, and even of trade. He was distinguished for benevolence and generosity; his acts of charity were frequent and bountiful, and the See also:petition of real See also:distress was never rejected by him. He was an enemy to See also:impressment and to flogging; and so See also:kind was he to his See also:- CREW (sometimes explained as a sea term of Scandinavian origin, cf. O. Icel. kris, a swarm or crowd, but now regarded as a shortened form of accrue, accrewe, used in the 16th century in the sense of a reinforcement, O. Fr. acreue, from accrofire, to grow,
- CREW, NATHANIEL CREW, 3RD BARON (1633–1721)
crew, that he obtained amongst them the See also:honourable name of See also:father. Between Nelson and Collingwood a close intimacy subsisted, from their first acquaintance in early life till the fall of the former at Trafalgar; and they See also:lie See also:side by side in the See also:cathedral of St See also:Paul's.
The selections from the public and private See also:correspondence of Lord Collingwood, published in 2 vols., 8vo, in 1828, contain some of the best specimens of See also:letter-See also:writing in the See also:language. See also A See also:Fine Old See also:English See also:Gentleman exemplified in the Life and See also:Character of Lord Collingwood, a See also:Biographical Study, by See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:Davies (See also:London, 1875).
End of Article: COLLINGWOOD, CUTHBERT COLLINGWOOD, BARON (1750-,8,o)
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