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DUMBARTON , a royal, municipal and See also:police See also:burgh, seaport, and See also:county See also:town of See also:Dumbartonshire, See also:Scotland, situated on the See also:river See also:Leven, near its confluence with the See also:Clyde, 151 m. W. by N. of See also:Glasgow by the See also:North See also:British and Caledonian See also:railways. Pop. (1891) 17,625; (1901) 19,985. The Alcluith (" See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
hill of the Clyde ") of the Britons, and Dunbreatan (" fort of the Britons ") of the Celts, it was the See also:capital of the See also:district of See also:Strathclyde. Here, too, the See also:Romans had a See also:naval station which they called See also:Theodosia. Although thus a See also:place of See also:great antiquity, the See also:history of the town practically centres in that of the successive fortresses on the See also:Rock of Dumbarton, a twin-peaked See also:mount, 240 ft. high and a mile in circumference at the See also:base. The fortress was often besieged and sometimes taken, the Picts seizing it in 736 and the Northmen in 87o, but the most effectual surprise of all was that accomplished, in the interests of the See also:young See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James VI., by See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas See also:Crawford of Jordanhill on See also:March 31, 1571. The See also:castle was held by See also:Queen See also:Mary's adherents, and as it gave them See also:free communication with See also:France, its See also:capture was deemed essential. Crawford decided to climb the highest point, concluding that, owing to its imagined See also:security, it would be carelessly guarded. Favoured with a dark and foggy See also:night the party of 150 men and a See also:guide reached the first ledge of rock undiscovered. In scaling the second precipice one of the men was seized with an epileptic See also:fit on the See also:ladder. Crawford See also:bound him to the ladder and then turned it over and was thus enabled to ascend to the See also:summit. At this moment the alarm was given, but the See also:sentinel and the sleepy soldiers were slain and the See also:cannon turned on the See also:garrison. Further resistance being useless, the castle was surrendered. During the governorship of See also:Sir See also:John See also:Menteith, See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:Wallace was in 1305 imprisoned within its walls before he was removed to See also:London. The higher of the two peaks is known as Wallace's seat, a See also:tower, perhaps the one in which he was incarcerated, being named after him. On the See also:- PORTCULLIS (from the Fr. Porte-coulisse, porte, a gate, Lat. porta, and coulisse, a groove, used adjectivally for " sliding," from couler, to slide or glide, Lat. colare; the Fr. equivalents are herse, a harrow, and coulisse; Ger. Fallgatter; Ital. saraci
portcullis gateway may still be seen rudely carved heads of Wallace and his betrayer, the latter with his See also:finger in his mouth. Queen Mary, when a See also:child, resided in the castle for a See also:short See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time. It is an ugly barrack-like structure, defended by a few obsolete guns, although by the See also:Union Treaty it is one of the four fortresses that must be maintained. The rock itself is See also:basalt, with a tendency to columnar formation, and some parts of it have a magnetic quality.
The town arms are the See also:elephant and castle, with the See also:motto Fortitudo et fidelitas. Dumbarton was of old the capital of the
earldom of See also:Lennox, but was given up by See also:Earl Maldwyn to See also:Alexander II., by whom it was made a royal burgh in 1221 and declared to be free from all imposts and burgh taxes. Later sovereigns gave it other privileges, and the whole were finally confirmed by a See also:charter of James VI. It had the right to See also:levy customs and dues on all vessels on the Clyde between See also:Loch See also:Long and the See also:Kelvin. " Offers dues " on See also:foreign See also:ships entering the Clyde were also exacted. In 1700 these rights were transferred to Glasgow by See also:contract, but were afterwards vested in a See also:special See also:trust created by successive acts of See also:parliament.
Most of the town lies on the See also:left See also:bank of the Leven, which almost converts the See also:land here into a See also:peninsula, but there is communication with the suburb of See also:Bridgend on the right bank by a five-arched See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone See also:bridge, 300 ft. long. The public buildings include the Burgh See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
Hall, the See also:academy (with a graceful See also:steeple), the county buildings, the Denny Memorial, a See also:Literary and a See also:Mechanics' See also:institute, Masonic hall, two cottage hospitals, a See also:fever See also:hospital, a public library and the See also:combination poorhouse. There are two public parks—Broad Meadow (20 acres), See also:part of ground reclaimed in 1859, and Levengrove (32 acres), presented to the See also:corporation in 1885 by See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter Denny and° John McMillan, two See also:ship-builders who helped See also:lay the See also:foundation of the town's See also:present prosperity. The old See also:parish kirkyard was closed in 1856, but a See also:fine See also:cemetery was constructed in its place outside the town. Dumbarton is controlled by a See also:provost and a See also:council. With See also:Port-Glasgow, See also:Renfrew, Rutherglen and See also:Kilmarnock it unites in returning one member to parliament. The See also:principal See also:industry is See also:shipbuilding. The old See also:staple See also:trade of the making of See also:crown See also:glass, begun in 1777, lapsed some 70 years afterwards when the glass See also:duty was abolished. There are several great See also:engineering See also:works, besides See also:iron and See also:brass foundries, saw-See also:mills, rope-yards and See also:sail-making works. There are quays, docks and a See also:harbour at the mouth of the Leven, and a See also:pier for river steamers runs out from the Castle rock. The first See also:steam See also:navigation See also:company was established in Dumbarton in 1815, when the " See also:Duke of Welling-ton " (built in the town) plied between Dumbarton and Glasgow. But it was not till. 1844, consequent on the use of iron for vessels, that shipbuilding became the leading industry.
End of Article: DUMBARTON
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