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HAVERSTRAW

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Originally appearing in Volume V13, Page 82 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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HAVERSTRAW , a See also:

village of See also:Rockland See also:county, New See also:York, 1885). His first See also:work in this See also:province was Du See also:sens du mot " remain" dans See also:les lois franques (1876), a See also:critical study on a theory of Fustel de Coulanges. In this he showed that the status of the See also:home See also:Romanus of the See also:barbarian See also:laws was inferior to that of the See also:German See also:freeman; that the Gallo-See also:Romans had been subjected by the Germans to a See also:state of See also:servitude; and, consequently, that the Germans had conquered the Gallo-Romans. He aimed a further See also:blow at Fustel's See also:system by showing that the Frankish See also:kings had never See also:borne the See also:Roman See also:title of vir inluster, and that they could not therefore be considered as being in the first See also:place Roman magistrates; and that in the royal diplomas the See also:king issued his commands as rex Francorum and addressed his functionaries as viri inlustres. His See also:attention having been See also:drawn to questions of authenticity by the forgeries of Vrain See also:Lucas, he devoted himself to tracing the See also:spurious documents that en-cumbered and perverted Merovingian and Carolingian See also:history. In his A propos See also:des decouvertes de See also:Jerome Vignier (i88o), he exposed the forgeries committed in the 17th See also:century by this See also:priest. He then turned his attention to a See also:group of documents See also:relating to ecclesiastical history in the Carolingian See also:period and bearing on the question of false See also:decretals, and produced Les Chartes de St-See also:Calais (1887) and Les Actes de l'eveeche du Mans (2894). On the problems afforded by the See also:chronology of See also:Gerbert's (See also:Pope See also:Silvester II.) letters and by the notes in See also:cipher in the MS. of his letters, he wrote L'Ecriture secrete de Gerbert (1877), which may be compared with his Notes tironiennes dans les diplomes merovingiens (1885). In 1889 he brought out an edition of Gerbert's letters, which was a See also:model of critical sagacity. Each new work increased his reputation, in See also:Germany as well as See also:France. At the Bibliotheque Nationale, where he obtained a See also:post, he rendered See also:great service by his wide knowledge of See also:foreign See also:languages, and read voraciously everything that related, however remotely, to his favourite studies. He was finally appointed assistant See also:curator in the See also:department of printed books.

He died pre-maturely at St See also:

Cloud on the 19th of See also:August 1893. U.S.A., in a township of the same name, 32 M. N. of New York See also:City, and finely situated on the W. See also:shore of Haverstraw See also:Bay, an enlargement of the See also:Hudson See also:river. Pop. of the village (1890), 5o70; (1900) 5935, of whom 1231 were foreign-See also:born and 568 were negroes; (1905, state See also:census) 6182; (19 so) 5669; of the See also:town-See also:ship (1910) 9335. Haverstraw is served by the See also:West Shore, the New See also:Jersey & New York (See also:Erie), and the New York, See also:Ontario & Western See also:railways, and is connected by steamboat lines with See also:Peekskill and See also:Newburgh. The village lies at the N. See also:base of High Tor (832 ft.). It has a public library, founded by the King's Daughters' Society in 1895 and housed in the See also:Fowler library See also:building. Excellent See also:clay is found in the township, and Haver-See also:straw is one of the largest See also:brick manufacturing centres in the See also:world; brick-See also:machines also are manufactured here. The Minesceongo See also:creek furnishes See also:water See also:power for See also:silk See also:mills, dye See also:works and See also:print works. Haverstraw was settled by the Dutch probably as See also:early as 1648. Near the village of Haverstraw (in the township of Stony Point), in the See also:Joshua Hett See also:Smith See also:House, or " Old See also:Treason House," as it is generally called, See also:Benedict See also:Arnold and See also:Major See also:Andre met before daylight on the 22nd of See also:September 1780 to arrange plans for the betrayal of West Point. In 1826 a See also:short-lived Owenite Community (of about 8o members) was established near West Haverstraw and Garnerville (in the township of Haverstraw).

The members of the community established a See also:

Church of See also:Reason, in which lectures were delivered on See also:ethics, See also:philosophy and See also:science. Dissensions soon arose in the community, the experiment was abandoned within five months, and most of the members joined in turn the Coxsackie Community, also in New York, and the See also:Kendal Community, near See also:Canton, See also:Ohio, both of which were also short-lived. The village of Haverstraw was originally known as See also:Warren and was incorporated under that name in 1854; in 1873 it became officially the village of Haverstrawboth names had previously been used locally. The village of West Haverstraw (pop. in 189o, 18o; in 'goo, 2079; and in 1910, 236g), also in Haverstraw township, was founded in 1830, was See also:long known as Samsondale, and was incorporated under its See also:present name in 1883. See F. B. See also:Green, History of Rockland County (New York, 1886).

End of Article: HAVERSTRAW

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