Online Encyclopedia

Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.

LAMAR, LUCIUS QUINTUS CINCINNATUS (18...

Online Encyclopedia
Originally appearing in Volume V16, Page 101 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
» Make a correction to this article.
» Add information or comments to this article.
Spread the word: del.icio.us del.icio.us it!

See also:

LAMAR, See also:LUCIUS See also:QUINTUS See also:CINCINNATUS (1825-1893) , See also:American statesman and See also:judge, was See also:born at the old " Lamar See also:Homestead," in See also:Putnam See also:county, See also:Georgia, on the 17th of See also:September 1825. His See also:father, Lucius Q. C. Lamar (1797-1834), was an able lawyer, a judge of the See also:superior See also:court of Georgia, and the compiler of the See also:Laws of Georgia from 1810 to 1819 (1821). In 1845 See also:young Lamar graduated from Emory See also:College (See also:Oxford, Ga.), and in 1847 was admitted to the See also:bar. In 1849 he removed to Oxford, See also:Mississippi, and in 1850-1852 was See also:adjunct See also:professor of See also:mathematics in the See also:state university. In 1852 he removed to See also:Covington, Ga., to practise See also:law, and in 1853 was elected a member of the Georgia See also:House of Representatives. In 1855 he returned to Mississippi, and two years later became a member of the See also:National House of Representatives, where he served until See also:December 186o, when he with-See also:drew to become a See also:candidate for See also:election to the " See also:secession " See also:convention of Mississippi. He was elected to the convention, and drafted for it the Mississippi See also:ordinance of secession. In the summer of i86o he had accepted an See also:appointment to the See also:chair of See also:ethics and See also:metaphysics in the university of Mississippi, but, having been appointed a See also:lieutenant-See also:colonel in the Confederate See also:Army in the See also:spring of 1861, he resigned his professorship. The colonel of his See also:regiment (Nineteenth Mississippi) was killed See also:early in the See also:battle of See also:Williamsburg, on the 5th of May 1862, and the command then See also:fell to Lamar, but in See also:October he resigned from the army. In See also:November 1862 he was appointed by See also:President See also:Jefferson See also:Davis See also:special See also:commissioner of the Confederacy to See also:Russia; but he did not proceed farther than See also:Paris, and his See also:mission was soon terminated by the refusal of the Confederate See also:Senate to confirm his appointment.

In 1866 he was again appointed to the chair of ethics and metaphysics in the university of Mississippi, and in the next See also:

year was transferred to the chair of law, but in 1870, Republicans having become trustees of the university upon the readmission of the state into the See also:Union, he resigned. From 1873 to 1$77 he was again a Democratic representative in See also:Congress; from 1877 to 1885 he was a See also:United States senator; from 1885 to See also:January 1888 he was secretary of the interior; and from 1888 until his See also:death at See also:Macon, Ga., on the 23rd of January 1893, he was an See also:associate See also:justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. In Congress Lamar fought the See also:silver and greenback craze and argued forcibly against the protective See also:tariff; in the See also:department of the interior he introduced various reforms; and on the Supreme Court See also:bench his dissenting See also:opinion in the Neagle See also:Case (based upon a denial that certain See also:powers belonging to Congress, but not exercised, were by implication vested in the department of justice) is famous. But he is perhaps best known for the See also:part he took after the See also:Civil See also:War in helping to effect a reconciliation between the See also:North and the See also:South. During the early secession See also:movement he strove to arouse the See also:white See also:people of the South from their indifference, declaring that secession alone could See also:save them from a See also:doom similar to that of the former whites of See also:San Domingo. He probably never changed his convictions as to the righteousness of the "lost cause "; but he accepted the result of the war as a final See also:settlement of the See also:differences leading to it, and strove to restore the South in the Union, and to effect the See also:reunion of the nation in feeling as well as in See also:government. This is in part seen from such speeches as his eulogy on See also:Charles See also:Sumner (27th of See also:April 1874), his leadership in reorganizing the Democratic Amitabha, who occupies the higher See also:place in the See also:mythology of the See also:Great Vehicle, would be superior to the latter, as the spiritual representative of Avalokitesvara. But practically the Dalai Lama, owing to his position in the See also:capital,' has the See also:political supremacy, and is actually called the Gyalpo Rinpotshe, " the glorious See also:king "—his See also:companion being content with the See also:title Pantshen Rinpotshe, " the glorious teacher." When either of them See also:dies it is necessary for the other to ascertain in whose See also:body the See also:celestial being whose outward See also:form has been dissolved has been pleased again to incarnate himself. For that purpose the names of all male See also:children born just after the death of the deceased Great Lama are laid before his survivor. He chooses three out of the whole number; their names are thrown into a See also:golden See also:casket provided for that purpose by a former See also:emperor of See also:China. The Chutuktus, or abbots of the great monasteries, then assemble, and after a See also:week of See also:prayer, the lots are See also:drawn in their presence and in presence of the surviving Great Lama and of the See also:Chinese political See also:resident. The See also:child whose name is first drawn is the future Great Lama; the other two receive each of them 500 pieces of silver..

The Chutuktus just mentioned correspond in many respects to the See also:

Roman cardinals. Like the Great Lamas, they See also:bear the title of Rinpotshe or Glorious, and are looked upon as incarnations of one or other of the celestial Bodhisats of the Great Vehicle mythology. Their number varies from ten to a See also:hundred; and it is uncertain whether the See also:honour is inherent in the abbacy of certain of the greatest cloisters, or whether the Dalai Lama exercises the right of choosing them. Under these high officials of the Tibetan See also:hierarchy there come the Chubil Khans, who fill the See also:post of See also:abbot to the lesser monasteries, and are also incarnations. Their number is very large; there are few monasteries in See also:Tibet or in See also:Mongolia which do not claim to possess one of these living Buddhas. Besides these mystical persons there are in the Tibetan See also:church other ranks and degrees, corresponding to the See also:deacon, full See also:priest, See also:dean and See also:doctor of divinity in the See also:West. At the great yearly festival at See also:Lhasa they make in the See also:cathedral an imposing See also:array, not much less magnificent than that of the See also:clergy in See also:Rome; for the See also:ancient simplicity of See also:dress has disappeared in the growing differences of See also:rank, and each See also:division of the spiritual army is distinguished in Tibet, as in the West, by a special See also:uniform. The political authority of the Dalai Lama is confined to Tibet itself, but he is the acknowledged See also:head also of the Buddhist church throughout Mongolia and China. He has no supremacy over his co-religionists in See also:Japan, and even in China there are many Buddhists who are not practically under his See also:control or See also:influence. The best See also:work on See also:Lamaism is still Koppen's See also:Die Lamaische Hierarchie and Kirche (See also:Berlin, 1859). See also Bushell, " The Early See also:History of Tibet," in the See also:Journal of the Royal See also:Asiatic Society, 1879-188o, vol. xii.; Sanang Setzen's History of the See also:East See also:Mongols (in Mongolian, translated into See also:German by J. See also:Schmidt, Geschichte der Ost-Mongolen) ; " Analyse du Kandjur," by M.

See also:

Leon Feer, in Annales du Musee Gaimet (1881); Schott, Ueber den Buddhismus in Hoch-Asien; See also:Gutzlaff, Geschichte See also:des Chinesischen Reiches; See also:Hue and Gabet, Souvenirs d'un voyage clans la Tartarie, le Tibet, et la Chine (Paris, 1858) ; See also:Pallas's Sanimlung historischer Nachrichten uber die Mongolischen Volkerschaften; See also:Babu Sarat Chunder Das's " Contributions on the See also:Religion and History of Tibet," in the Journal of the See also:Bengal Asiatic Society, 1881; L. A. Waddell, The See also:Buddhism of Tibet (See also:London, 1895); A. H. See also:Francke, History of Western Tibet (London, 1907) ; A. Grunwedel, Mythologie des Buddhismus in Tibet and der Mongolei (Berlin, 1900). (T. W. R. D.) LAMALOU-See also:LES-BAINS, a watering-place of See also:southern See also:France in the department of See also:Herault, 531- M. W. of See also:Montpellier by See also:rail, in a valley of the southern See also:Cevennes. Pop.

(1go6) 720. The See also:

waters, which are both hot and See also:cold, are used in cases of See also:rheumatism, See also:sciatica, locomotor ataxy and See also:nervous maladies. LAMA-MIAO, or DOLON-.NOR, a See also:city of the See also:province of Chih-li, China, 150 M. N. of See also:Peking, in a barren sandy See also:plain watered by the Urtingol, a tributary of the Shang-tu-ko. The See also:town proper, almost exclusively occupied by Chinese, is about a mile in length 1 This statement representing the substantial and See also:historical position, is retained, in spite of the crises of See also:March 1910, when the Dalai Lama took See also:refuge from the Chinese in See also:India, and of 1904, when the See also:British expedition occupied Lhasa and the Dalai Lama fled to China (see TIBET). party of his own state, and his counsels of See also:peace in the disputed presidential election of 1876. See See also:Edward Mayes, Lucius Q. C. Lamar: His See also:Life, Times and Speeches (See also:Nashville, Tenn., 1896).

End of Article: LAMAR, LUCIUS QUINTUS CINCINNATUS (1825-1893)

Additional information and Comments

There are no comments yet for this article.
» Add information or comments to this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.

Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.

[back]
LAMAISM 		[next]
LAMARCK,

Site © 2006 - Net Industries