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See also:MONTHOLON, See also:CHARLES See also:TRISTAN, See also:MARQUIS DE (1782-1853) , was See also:born at See also:Paris. He was trained for a military career, and in his tenth See also:year shared in the expedition of See also:Admiral Truguet to the See also:coast of See also:Sardinia. Entering the See also:army in 1798, he See also:rose with rapidity and avowed himself, when chef d'escadron in Paris at the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of the coup d'etat of See also:Brumaire (See also:November 1799), entirely devoted to See also:Bonaparte. He served with See also:credit in the ensuing See also:campaigns, and distinguished himself at the See also:battle of Aspern-Essling (May 1809) where he was wounded. At the end of that See also:campaign on the See also:Danube he received the See also:title of See also:count and remained in See also:close attendance on See also:Napoleon, who confided to him several important duties, among others; a See also:mission to the See also:Archduke See also:Ferdinand at Wiirzburg. At the time of the first See also:abdication of Napoleon at See also:Fontainebleau (See also:April 11, 1814), Montholon was one of the few generals who advocated one more See also:attempt to rally the See also:French troops for the overthrow of the See also:allies. After the second abdication (See also:June 22, 1815) he with his wife accompanied the See also:emperor to See also:Rochefort, where Napoleon and his See also:friends finally adopted the proposal, which emanated from Count See also:Las Cases (q.v.), that he should throw himself on the generosity of the See also:British nation and surrender to H.M.S. "See also:Bellerophon." Montholon afterwards, at See also:Plymouth, asserted that the conduct of See also:Captain See also:Maitland of the " Bellerophon " had been altogether See also:honourable, and that the responsibility for the failure must See also:rest largely with Las Cases. Montholon and his wife accompanied the ex-emperor to St See also:Helena. To Montholon chiefly, Napoleon dictated the notes on his career which See also:form so interesting, though far from trustworthy, a commentary on the events of the first See also:part of his See also:life. Montholon is known to have despised and flouted Las Cases, though in later writings he affected to See also:laud his services to Napoleon. With See also:Gourgaud, who was no less vain and sensitive than himself, there was a.See also:standing See also:feud, which would have led to a See also:duel but for the See also:express See also:prohibition of Napoleon. Las Cases See also:left the See also:island in November 1816, and Gourgaud in See also:January 1818; but Montholon, despite the departure of his wife, stayed on at Longwood to the end of the emperor's life (May, 182,). In a See also:letter written to his wife he admitted that Napoleon died of See also:cancer, though he afterwards encouraged the belief that See also:death was due to a See also:liver complaint aggravated by the See also:climate and by the restrictions to which Napoleon was subjected. After that event Montholon and See also:Bertrand became reconciled to See also:Sir See also:Hudson See also:Lowe (q.v.); but this did not prevent him, on his return to See also:France, from vilifying that much abused See also:man. See also:Colonel See also:Basil See also:Jackson found him very See also:frank as to the politique de See also:Long-See also:wood which aimed at representing Napoleon as a See also:martyr, and Sir Hudson Lowe as his persecutor. Montholon admitted that an " See also:angel from See also:heaven as See also:governor would not have pleased them." Montholon had to spend' many years in See also:Belgium; and in 1840 acted as " See also:chief of See also:staff " in the absurd " expedition
conducted by See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis Napoleon from See also:London to See also:Boulogne. He was condemned to imprisonment at See also:Ham, but was released in 1847; he then retired to See also:England and published the Recits de la captivite de Napoleon a Ste Helene. In 1849 he became one of the deputies for the Legislative See also:Assembly under the Second French See also:Republic. He died on the 21st of See also:August 1853.
See Recueil de pieces authentiques sur le captif de Ste Helene: suivi de lettres de MM .... le See also:General Montholon, &c. (Paris, 1821); Memoires pour servir a l'histoire de France sous Napoleon (ed. Gourgaud and Montholon, Paris, 1823; Eng. ed., London, 1823; new ed., Paris, 1905); Recits de la captivite de l'empereur Napoleon a Ste Helene (2 vols., Paris, 1847). Also the Marquise de Montholon's Souvenirs de Ste Helene, 1815–16 (Paris, 1901). Of Montholon's own writings the only one of See also:note is De l'Armee frangaise (1834). For the conversations of Montholon with Basil
Jackson in 1828, see Lieut.-Colonel Basil Jackson, Notes and Reminiscences of a Staff Officer (London, 1903). (J. HI.. R.) See also:MONTH'S MIND, in See also:medieval and later England a service and feast held one month after the death of anyone in his or her memory. See also:Bede speaks of the See also:day as commemorationis See also:dies. These " Minding days " were of See also:great antiquity, and were survivals of the Norse minne or ceremonial drinking to the dead.'"Minnying Days," says See also:Blount, " from the Saxon Lemynde, days which our ancestors called their Monthes mind, their Year's mind and the like, being the days whereon their souls (after their deaths) were had in See also:special remembrance, and some See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office or See also:obsequies said for them, as Orbits, Dirges." The phrase is still used in See also:Lancashire. Elaborate instructions for the conduct of the commemorative service were often left in See also:wills. Thus, one See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas See also:Windsor (who died in 1479) orders that " on my moneth's minde there be a See also:hundred See also:children within the See also:age of sixteen years, to say for my soul," and candles were to be burned before the See also:rood in the See also:parish See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church and twenty priests were to be paid by his executors to sing Placebo, Dirige, &c. In the See also:correspondence of Thomas, See also:Lord See also:Cromwell, one in 1536 is mentioned at which a hundred priests took part in the See also:mass. Commemorative sermons were usually preached, the earliest printed example being one delivered by See also:John See also:Fisher, See also:bishop of See also:Rochester, on See also:Margaret, countess of See also:Richmond and See also:Derby, in 1509.
End of Article: MONTHOLON, CHARLES TRISTAN, MARQUIS DE (1782-1853)
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