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NERCHINSK , a See also:town of Eastern See also:Siberia, in the See also:government of See also:Transbaikalia, 183 in. by See also:rail E. of See also:Chita, on the See also:left See also:bank of the Nercha, 21 M. above its confluence with the Shilka. Pop. (1897) 6713. It is.badly built of See also:wood, and its See also:lower parts frequently suffer from inundations. It has a small museum. The inhabitants support themselves mainly by See also:agriculture, See also:tobacco-growing and See also:cattle-breeding; a few merchants See also:trade in furs and cattle, in See also:brick-See also:tea from See also:China, and manufactured wares from See also:Russia.
The fort of Nerchinsk See also:dates from 1654, and the town was founded in 1658 by Pashkov, who in that See also:year opened See also:direct communication between the See also:Russian settlements in Transbaikalia and those on the See also:Amur which had been founded by See also:Cossacks and See also:fur-traders coming from the See also:Yakutsk region. In 1689 was signed between Russia and China the treaty of Nerchinsk, which stopped for two centuries the farther advance of the Russians into the See also:basin of the Amur. After that Nerchinsk became the See also:chief centre for the trade with China. The opening of the western route through See also:Mongolia, by See also:Urga, and the See also:establishment of a See also:custom-See also:house at See also:Kiakhta in 1728 diverted this trade into a new channel. But Nerchinsk acquired fresh importance from the influx of immigrants, mostly exiles, into eastern Transbaikalia, the See also:discovery of See also:rich mines and the arrival of See also:great See also:numbers of convicts, and ultimately it became the chief town of Transoaikalia. In 1812 it was transferred from the See also:banks of the Shilka to its See also:present site, on See also:account of the floods. Since the See also:foundation,
in her own See also:person. Ordinarily the See also:consort of See also:Nergal is Laz. of May. He had some thought of going to See also:India as a missionary, but was dissuaded by his See also:friends who saw that there was abundant See also:work to be done in See also:Rome, and that he was the See also:man to do it. Accordingly he settled down, with some companions, at the See also:hospital of See also:San See also:Girolamo della Carita, and while there tentatively began, in 1556, the See also:institute with which his name is more especially connected, that of the See also:Oratory. The See also:- SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)
scheme at first was no more than a See also:series of evening meetings in a See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall (the Oratory), at which there were prayers, See also:hymns, readings from Scripture, from the fathers, and from the See also:Martyrology, followed by a lecture, or by discussion of some religious question proposed for See also:consideration. The musical selections (settings of scenes from sacred See also:history) were called oratorios. The scheme was See also:developed, and the members of the society undertook various kinds of See also:mission work throughout Rome, notably the See also:preaching of sermons in different churches every evening, a wholly novel agency at that See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time. In 1564 the Florentines requested him to leave San Girolamo, and to take the oversight of their See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church in Rome, San Giovanni dei Fiorentini, then newly built. He was at first reluctant, but by consent of See also:Pius IV. he accepted, while retaining the See also:charge of San Girolamo, where the exercises of the Oratory were kept up. At this time the new society included amongst its members See also:Caesar See also:Baronius, the ecclesiastical historian, See also:Francesco Maria Tarugi, afterwards See also:archbishop of See also:Avignon, and Paravicini, all three subsequently cardinals, and also Gallonius, author of a well-known work on the Sufferings of the Martyrs, Ancina, Bordoni, and other men of ability and distinction.
The Florentines, however, built in 1574 a large oratory or mission-See also:room for the society contiguous to San Giovanni, in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to See also:save them the fatigue of the daily See also:journey to and from San Girolamo, and to provide a more convenient See also:place of See also:assembly, and the headquarters were transferred thither. As the community See also:grew, and its mission work extended, the need of having a church entirely its own, and not subject to other claims, as were San Girolamo. and San Giovanni, made itself See also:felt, and the offer of the small See also:parish church of See also:Santa Maria in Vallicella, conveniently situated in the See also:middle of Rome, was made and accepted. The See also:building, however, as not large enough for their purpose, was pulled down, and a splendid church erected on the site. It was immediately after taking See also:possession of their new quarters that See also:Neri formally organized, under permission of a See also:bull dated See also:July 15, 1595, a community of See also:secular priests, entitled the See also:Congregation of the Oratory. The new church was consecrated See also:early in 1577, and the See also:clergy of the new society at once resigned the charge of San Giovanni dei Fiorentini; but Neri himself did not migrate from San Girolamo till 1583, and then only in virtue of an See also:injunction of the See also:pope that he, as the See also:superior, should reside at the chief house of his congregation. He was at first elected for a See also:term of three years (as is usual in See also:modern See also:societies), but in 1587 was nominated superior for See also:life. He was, however, entirely See also:free from See also:personal ambition, and had no See also:desire to be See also:general over a number of dependent houses, so that he desired that all congregations formed on his See also:model outside Rome should be autonomous, governing themselves, and without endeavouring to retain See also:control over any new colonies they might themselves send out—a regulation afterwards formally confirmed by a brief of See also:- GREGORY
- GREGORY (Gregorius)
- GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
- GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
- GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
- GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
- GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
- GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
- GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)
Gregory XV. in 1622. Much as he mingled with society, and with persons of importance in church and See also:state, his single interference in See also:political matters was in 1593, when his persuasions induced the pope, See also:Clement VIII., to withdraw the See also:excommunication and See also:anathema of See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry IV. of See also:France, and the refusal to receive his See also:ambassador, even though the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king had formally abjured Calvinism. Neri saw that the pope's attitude was more than likely to drive Henry to a relapse, and probably to rekindle the See also:civil See also:war in France, and directed Baronius, then the pope's See also:confessor, to refuse him See also:absolution, and to resign his See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office of confessor, unless he would withdraw the anathema. Clement yielded at once, though the whole See also:college of cardinals had supported his policy; and Henry, who did not learn the facts till several years afterwards, testified. lively gratitude for the
Nergal was pictured as a See also:lion and on boundary-See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone monuments his See also:symbol is a See also:mace surmounted by the See also:head of a lion.
As in the See also:case of See also:Ninib, Nergal appears to have absorbed a number of See also:minor See also:solar deities, which accounts for the various names or designations under which he appears, such as Lugalgira, Sharrapu (" the burner," perhaps a See also:mere epithet), Ira, Gibil (though this name more properly belongs to See also:Nusku, q.v.) and Sibitti. A certain confusion exists in See also:cuneiform literature between Ninib and Nergal, perhaps due to the traces of two different conceptions regarding these two solar deities. Nergal is called the " raging king," the " furious one," and the like, and by a See also:play upon his name—separated into three elements Ne-urugal " See also:lord of the great dwelling "—his position at the head of the nether-See also:world See also:pantheon is indicated. In the astral-theological See also:system he is the See also:planet See also:Mars, while in ecclesiastical See also:art the great lion-headed colossi serving as guardians to the temples and palaces seem to be a symbol of Nergal, just as the bull-headed colossi are probably intended to typify Ninib.
The name of his chief See also:temple at Kutha was E-shid-lam, from which the See also:god receives the designation of Shidlamtaea, " the one that rises up from Shidlam." The cult of Nergal does not appear to have been as widespread as that of Ninib. He is frequently invoked in hymns and in votive and other See also:inscriptions of Babylonian and See also:Assyrian rulers, but we do not learn of many temples to him outside of Kutha. See also:Sennacherib speaks of one at Tarbisu to the See also:north of See also:Nineveh, but it is significant that although See also:Nebuchadrezzar II. (6o6–586 B.c.), the great temple-builder of the neo-Babylonian See also:monarchy, alludes to his operations at E-shid-lam in Kutha, he makes no mention of a See also:sanctuary to Nergal in See also:Babylon. See also:Local associations with his See also:original seat—Kutha—and the conception formed of him as a god of the dead acted in making him feared rather than actively worshipped. (M.
End of Article: NERCHINSK
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