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SACRAMENTO , the See also:capital of See also:California, U.S.A., and the See also:county-seat of Sacramento county, 91 M. (by See also:rail) N.E. of See also:San
Francisco, on the eastern See also:bank of the Sacramento See also:river, about 61 m. above its mouth, at the point where it is joined by the See also:American. Pop. (1850) 6820, (1890) 26,386, (1900) 29,282, of whom 6723 were See also:foreign-See also:born (1371 Germans, 1293 Irish, 964 See also:Chinese, 655 See also:English, 446 English See also:Canadian and 337 See also:Japanese) and 402 were negroes, (1910, See also:census) 44,696. See also:Land See also:area (1906) 4.49 sq. m. Sacramento is on the See also:direct See also:east-See also:- WARD
- WARD, ADOLPHUS WILLIAM (1837- )
- WARD, ARTEMUS
- WARD, EDWARD MATTHEW (1816-1879)
- WARD, ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS (1844-1911)
- WARD, JAMES (1769--1859)
- WARD, JAMES (1843– )
- WARD, JOHN QUINCY ADAMS (1830-1910)
- WARD, LESTER FRANK (1841– )
- WARD, MARY AUGUSTA [MRS HUMPHRY WARD]
- WARD, WILLIAM (1766-1826)
- WARD, WILLIAM GEORGE (1812-1882)
ward See also:line to See also:Ogden, See also:Utah, of the See also:Southern (once the Central) Pacific railway (which has its See also:main shops here), the starting point of the Southern Pacific line to See also:Portland, See also:Oregon, the See also:terminus of several shorter branches of the Southern Pacific and on the Western Pacific, which has repair shops here, and it is served by interurban electric See also:railways connecting with places in the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys. The See also:city is about 200 M. below Red See also:Bluff, the See also:head of river See also:navigation for boats See also:drawing 2 or 21 ft. of See also:water; for boats drawing 4 to 5 ft. Colusa, 91 M. above Sacramento, is the head of navigation; at See also:low water, vessels drawing 7 ft. of water go up the river to Sacramento. There are two daily steamer lines to San Francisco, besides See also:freight lines.
The city site is level (formerly in many parts 5 ft. below See also:flood level of the river) and is about 30 ft. above See also:sea-level, and the See also:street See also:plan is rectangular. The business See also:quarter has been filled in, and levees have been built along the Sacramento and American See also:rivers. The See also:climate is mild: the See also:average See also:annual temperature is 6o•5° F.; average for See also:winter months, 48.3°; for See also:spring, 59.50; for summer, 71.7°; for autumn, 6r•5°; average rainfall, 19.94 in.; average number of clear days per annum, 244. The See also:principal buildings are: a very See also:fine See also:state capitol (cornerstone laid, 186o; completed, 1874) in a wooded See also:park of 35 acres, in which is an Insectary where parasites of injurious See also:insects are propagated; See also:Roman See also:Catholic and See also:Protestant Episcopal cathedrals; the county See also:court-See also:house; the city See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall; the public library (in 1908, 41,400 volumes); and the Crocker See also:Art See also:Gallery, which was presented to the city by the widow of See also:Judge E. B. Crocker, one of the founders of the Central Pacific, with an art school and an exhibit of the minerals of the state. There is a state library of 140,000 volumes in the capitol; connected with it are travelling See also:libraries sent out through the rural districts of the state. In Sacramento are the large state See also:printing See also:establishment, in which, in addition to other books and documents, See also:text-books for the entire state school See also:system are printed; the See also:College of the See also:Christian See also:Brothers, See also:Howe's See also:Academy, See also:Atkinson's Business College, St See also:Joseph's Academy, the See also:Stanford-See also:Lathrop Memorial See also:Home for Friendless Girls (1900), under the Sisters of See also:Mercy, two other orphanages, the Southern Pacific Railway See also:Hospital (1868), the Mater Misericordiae Hospital (1895, Sisters of Mercy), See also:Wentworth Hospital, a City Receiving Hospital (1884), the See also:Marguerite Home (for old ladies), the Mater Misericordiae Home (1895, Sisters of Mercy) and the Peniel See also:- RESCUE (in Middle Eng. rescous, from O. Fr. recousse, Low Lat. rescussa, from reexcussa,reexcutere, to shake off again, re, again, ex, off, quatere, to shake)
Rescue Home (1899). Just outside the city limits is the State Agri-cultural See also:Pavilion, with See also:race track and live-stock See also:exhibition grounds (where the State Agricultural Society holds its annual " State Exposition " in See also:September).
The city has a large wholesale See also:trade. Its prosperity rests upon that of the splendid Sacramento Valley, a See also:country of See also:grain and See also:fruit farms, along whose eastern See also:side See also:lie the See also:gold-producing counties of the state. It is the centre of the greatest See also:deciduous fruit region of California, and shipped about xr,000 See also:car-loads east of the Rocky Mountains in 1909. Sacramento derives electric See also:power from Folsom, on the American river, 22 m. away, and from Colgate, on the Yuba river, 119 m. distant. The manufacturing interests of the city are large and varied: the city's manufactures include See also:flour (1905, value $1,172,747), See also:lumber, distilled liquors, canned and preserved vegetables and fruits, packed meats, cigars and See also:harness. In 1905 the See also:total value of the factory product was $10,319,416. In 1909 the assessed valuation of the city was about $30,400,000, and the bonded indebtedness about $r,roo,000. The city owns its own water system, which has a capacity of 22 million gallons daily,, and is a See also:financial success.
In 1839 See also:John See also:Augustus $utter (18o3-188o), a Swiss military
officer, was allowed to erect a fort on the then frontier of California, on the See also:present site of Sacramento. He became a Mexican See also:official (1840), and in 1841 obtained from the Mexican See also:government a See also:- GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
- GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
- GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
- GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
- GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
- GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
- GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
- GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
- GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
- GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
- GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
- GRANT, U
- GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)
grant of 11 square leagues of land. Sutter's fort, or " New Helvetia" (a See also:reproduction of which, with a See also:historical museum, in Fort Sutter Park, is one of the See also:objects of See also:interest in the city), was on the direct line of overland See also:immigration from the East, and its position—purposely 'selected by Sutter with a view to freedom of interference from Mexican officials—made Sutter a See also:man of See also:great importance in the last years of the Mexican regime. After the See also:discovery ' of gold in 1848, made on Sutter's land, near the present Coloma, about 45 M. E.N.E. of Sacramento, several See also:rival towns were started on Sutter's See also:property near the fort. Of these See also:fortune finally favoured Sacramento—a name already frequently applied to the fort, and adopted for the name of the See also:settlement about its embarcadero or river landing in 1848. The first See also:sale of See also:town lots was in See also:January 1849. Here began the determined See also:movement for the organization of a state government. The extraordinary richness of the placer mines of '49 caused the city to grow with wonderful rapidity. In See also:October 1849 its See also:population was probably 2000, in See also:December 4000 and a See also:year later 1o,o00. Trouble with land "squatters
almost led to See also:local See also:war in r85o. In 1849 the city offered $r,000,000 for the See also:honour of being the state capital, which it finally secured in See also:February 1854 (the legislature having already met here once in 1851). Between See also:November 1849 and January 1853 the city was thrice devastated by fearful floods, and it was two-thirds destroyed by See also:fire in November 1852; but though these misfortunes caused a collapse of inflated realty values they did not seriously cripple the city in its development. A city government was organized in See also:August 1849, and in February r85o this government was incorporated, and in 1863 reincorporated; the city and county governments were consolidated from 1858 to 1863; and a new city See also:charter was received in 1893, coming into effect in 1894. The first local See also:steam railway of California was opened from Sacramento in 1855, and here in 1863 was begun the See also:building of the Central Pacific railway across the Sierras, the first See also:train from the See also:Atlantic See also:coast reaching Sacramento in May 1869. In 1862 there was another flood, the most destructive in the See also:history of the city; since then the See also:measures taken for See also:protection have secured safety from the river. The government of the city in the 'fifties was excessively corrupt and expensive. Progress since the end of the flush See also:mining days has been steady and conservative.
End of Article: SACRAMENTO
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