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See also:DOWNING, See also:SIR See also:GEORGE , See also:Bart. (c. 1624-1684), See also:English soldier and diplomatist, son of See also:Emmanuel Downing, See also:barrister, and of See also:Lucy, See also:sister of See also:Governor See also:John See also:Winthrop, was See also:born in See also:England about 1624.1 His See also:family joined Winthrop in See also:America in 1638, settling in See also:Salem, See also:Massachusetts, and Downing studied at Harvard See also:College. In 1645 he sailed for the See also:West Indies as a preacher and instructor of the See also:seamen, and arrived in England some See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time afterwards, becoming See also:chaplain to See also:Colonel John Okey's See also:regiment. Subsequently he seems to have abandoned his religious vocation for a military career, and in 165o he was See also:scout-mastergeneral of See also:Cromwell's forces in See also:Scotland, and as such received in 1657 a See also:salary of £365 and £500 as a See also:teller of the See also:exchequer. His See also:marriage in 1654 with Frances, daughter of Sir See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:Howard of Naworth, and sister of the 1st See also:earl of See also:Carlisle, aided his See also:advancement. In Cromwell's See also:parliament of 1654 he represented See also:Edinburgh, and Carlisle in those of 1656 and 1659. He was one of the first to urge Cromwell to take the royal See also:title and restore the old constitution. In 1655 he was sent to See also:France to remonstrate on the See also:massacre of the See also:Protestant Vaudois. Later in 1657 he was appointed See also:resident at The See also:Hague, to effect a See also:union of the Protestant See also:European See also:powers, to mediate between See also:Portugal and See also:- HOLLAND
- HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
- HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
- HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
- HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
- HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
- HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
- HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART
Holland and between See also:Sweden and See also:Denmark, to defend the interests of the English traders against the Dutch, and to inform the See also:government concerning the movements of the exiled royalists.
He showed himself ip these negotiations an able diplomatist. He was maintained in his See also:post during the See also:interregnum subsequent to the fall of See also:Richard Cromwell, and was thus enabled in See also:April 166o to make his See also:peace with See also:Charles II., to whom he communicated See also:Thurloe's despatches, and declared his See also:- ABANDONMENT (Fr. abandonnement, from abandonner, to abandon, relinquish; abandonner was originally equivalent to mettred banddn, to leave to the jurisdiction, i.e. of another, bandon being from Low Latin bandum, bannum, order, decree, " ban ")
abandonment of " principles sucked in " in New England, of which he now "saw the See also:error." At the Restoration, therefore, Downing was knighted
I The date of his See also:birth is variously given as 1623, 1624 and 1625 (Sibley's Harvard Graduates, 1883).(May 166o), was continued in his See also:embassy in Holland, was confirmed in his tellership of the exchequer, and was further rewarded with a valuable piece of See also:land adjoining St See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James's See also:Park for See also:building purposes, now known as Downing See also:Street.' Considering his past, he showed a very indecent zeal in arresting in Holland and handing over for See also:execution the regicides Barkstead, See also:Corbet and Okey. See also:Pepys, who characterized his conduct as odious though useful to the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king, calls him a "perfidious See also:rogue," and remarks that " all the See also:world took See also:notice of him for a most ungrateful villain for his pains." 3 On the 1st of See also:July 1663 he was created a See also:baronet. Downing had from the first been hostile to the Dutch as the commercial rivals of England. He had strongly supported the See also:Navigation See also:Act of 166o, and he now deliberately See also:drew on the fatal and disastrous See also:war. During its continuance he took See also:part at See also:home in the management of the See also:treasury, introduced the See also:appropriation of supplies, opposed strongly by See also:Clarendon as an encroachment on the See also:prerogative, and in May 1667 was made secretary to the commissioners, his See also:appointment being much welcomed by Pepys.4 He had been returned for See also:Morpeth in the See also:convention parliament of April 166o, a See also:constituency which he represented in every ensuing parliament till his See also:death, and he spoke with ability on See also:financial and commercial questions. He was appointed a See also:commissioner of the customs in 1671. The same See also:year he was again sent to Holland to replace Sir William See also:Temple, to break up the policy of the Triple See also:alliance and incite another war between Holland and England in furtherance of the See also:French policy. His unpopularity there was extreme, and after three months' See also:residence Downing fled to England, in fear of the fury of the See also:mob. For this unauthorized step he was sent to the See also:Tower on the 7th of See also:February 1672, but released some few See also:weeks after-wards. He defended the See also:Declaration of See also:Indulgence the same year, and made himself useful in supporting the See also:court policy. He died in July 1684. Downing Street, See also:London, is named after him, while Downing College, See also:Cambridge, derived its name from his See also:grandson, the 3rd baronet. The title became See also:extinct when the 4th baronet, Sir See also:Jacob G. Downing, died in 1764. .
Downing was undoubtedly a See also:man of See also:great See also:political and See also:diplomatic ability, but his talents were rarely employed for the See also:advantage of his See also:country and his See also:character was marked by all the mean vices, treachery, avarice, servility and ingratitude. " A George Downing " became a proverbial expression in New England to denote a false man who betrayed his See also:trust.' He published a large number of declarations and discourses, mostly in Dutch, enumerated in Sibley's See also:biography, and wrote also " A True Relation of the Progress of the Parliament's Forces in Scotland" (1651), See also:Thomason Tracts, Brit. See also:Mus., E 64o (5).
End of Article: DOWNING, SIR GEORGE
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