Online Encyclopedia
Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.
LEROUX, PIERRE (1798-1871)
Online EncyclopediaEncyclopedia Home :: LEO-LOB
del.icio.us it!
|
See also:LEROUX, See also:PIERRE (1798-1871) , See also:French philosopher and economist, was See also:born at Bercy near See also:Paris on the 7th of See also:April 1798, the son of an See also:artisan. His See also:education was interrupted by the See also:death of his See also:father, which compelled him to support his See also:mother and See also:family. Having worked first as a See also:mason and then as a compositor, he joined P. See also:Dubois in the See also:foundation of Le Globe which became in 1831 the See also:official See also:organ of the See also:Saint-Simonian community, of which he became a prominent member. In See also:November of the same See also:year, when See also:Enfantin preached the en-franchisement of See also:women and the functions of the couple-prase, Leroux separated himself from the See also:sect. In 1838, with J. Regnaud, who had seceded with him, he founded the Encyclopedie nouvelle (eds. 1838-1841). Amongst the articles which he inserted in it were De l'egalite and Refutation de l'eclectisme, which afterwards appeared as See also:separate See also:works. In 184o he published his See also:treatise De l'humanite (2nd ed. 1845), which contains the fullest exposition of his See also:system, and was regarded as the philosophical manifesto of the See also:Humanitarians. In 1841 he established the Revue independante, with the aid of See also:George See also:Sand, over whom he had See also:great See also:influence. Her Spiridion, which was dedicated to him, See also:Sept See also:cordes de la See also:lyre, Consuelo, and La Comtesse de See also:Rudolstadt, were written under the Humanitarian See also:inspiration. In 1843 he established at Boussac (See also:Creuse) a See also:printing association organized according to his systematic ideas, and founded the Revue sociale. After the outbreak of the revolution of 1848 he was elected to the Constituent See also:Assembly, and in 1849 to the Legislative Assembly, but his speeches on behalf of the extreme socialist wing were of so abstract and mystical a See also:character that they had no effect. After the coup d'etat of 1851 he settled with his family in See also:Jersey, where he pursued agricultural experiments and wrote his socialist poem La Greve de Samarez. On the definitive See also:amnesty of 1869 he returned to Paris, where he died in April 1871, during the See also:Commune. The writings of Leroux have no permanent significance in the See also:history of thought. He was the propagandist of sentiments and aspirations rather than the expounder of a systematic theory. He has, indeed, a system, but it is a singular medley of doctrines borrowed, not only from Saint-Simonian, but from See also:Pythagorean and Buddhistic See also:sources. In See also:philosophy his fundamental principle is that of what he calls the " triad "—a triplicity which he finds to pervade all things, which in See also:God is " See also:power, intelligence and love," in See also:man " sensation, sentiment and knowledge." His religious See also:doctrine is Pantheistic; and, rejecting the belief in a future See also:life as commonly conceived, he substitutes for it a theory of See also:metempsychosis. In social See also:economy his views are very vague; he preserves the family, See also:country and See also:property, but finds in all three, as they now are, a despotism which must be eliminated. He imagines certain combinations by which this triple tyranny can be abolished, but his See also:solution seems to require the creation of families without heads, countries without governments and property without rights of See also:possession. In politics he See also:advocates See also:absolute equality—a See also:democracy pushed to anarchy. See Raillard, Pierre Leroux et ses oeuvres (Paris, 1899) ; See also: In 188= Leroy-Beaulieu was elected See also:professor of contemporary history and eastern affairs at the Ecole Libre des Sciences Politiques, becoming director of this institution on the death of See also:Albert See also:Sorel in 2906, and in 1887 he became a member of the See also:Academic des Sciences Morales et Politiques. Two of Leroy-Beaulicu's works have been translated into See also:English one as the Empire of the Tsars and the Russians, by L. A. Regozin (New See also:York, 1893-1896), and another as Papacy, See also:Socialism, Democracy, by B. L. O'Donnell (1892). See W. E. H. See also:Lecky, See also:Historical and Political Essays (1908). LEROY-BEAULIEU, PIERRE See also:PAUL (1843- ), French economist, See also:brother of the preceding, was born at See also:Saumur on the 9th of See also:December 1843, and educated in Paris at the Lycee See also:Bonaparte and the Ecole de See also:Droit. He afterwards studied at See also:Bonn and See also:Berlin, and on his return to Paris began to write for Le Temps, Revue nationale and Revue contemporaine. In 1867 he won a See also:prize offered by the See also:Academy of Moral See also:Science with an See also:essay entitled " L'Iniluence de 1'etat moral et'intellectuel des populations ouvrieres sur le taux des salaires." In 1870 he gained three prizes for essays on " La Colonization chez les peuples modernes," " L'See also:Administration en See also:France et en Angleterre," and " L'Impot foncier et ses consequences economiques." In 1872 Leroy-Beaulieu became professor of See also:finance at the newly-founded Ecole Libre des Sciences Politiques, and in 188o he succeeded his father-in-See also:law, See also:Michel See also:Chevalier, in the See also:chair of political economy in the See also:College de France. Several of his works have made their See also:mark beyond the See also:borders of his own country. Among these may be mentioned his Recherches economiques, historiques et siatistiques sur les guerres contemporaines, a series of studies published between 1863 and 1869, in which he calculated the loss of men and See also:capital caused by the great See also:European conflicts. Other works by him are—La Question monnaie au See also:dix-neuvieme siecle (1861), Le Travail des femmes au dix-neuvieme siecle (1873), Traite de la science des finances (1877), Essai sur la repartition des richesses (1882), L'Algerie et la Tunisie (1888), Precis d'economie politique (1888), and L'Etat moderne et ses fonctions (1889). He also founded in 1873 the Economiste frangais, oh the See also:model of the English Economist. Leroy-Beaulieu may be regarded as the leading representative in France of orthodox political economy, and the most pronounced opponent of protectionist and collectivist doctrines. Additional information and CommentsThere are no comments yet for this article.
» Add information or comments to this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML. Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide. |
|
|
[back] LERMONTOV, MIKHAIL YUREVICH (1814–1841) |
[next] LERWICK |