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LOVELACE, RICHARD (1618-1658)

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Originally appearing in Volume V17, Page 71 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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LOVELACE, See also:RICHARD (1618-1658) , See also:English poet, was See also:born at See also:Woolwich in 1618. He was a See also:scion of a Kentish See also:family, and inherited a tradition of military distinction, maintained by successive generations from the See also:time of See also:Edward III. His See also:father, See also:Sir See also:William Lovelace, had served in the See also:Low Countries, received the See also:honour of See also:knighthood from See also:James I., and was killed at Grolle in 1628. His See also:brother, See also:Francis Lovelace, the " See also:Colonel Francis " of Lucasta, served on the See also:side of See also:Charles I., and de-fended Caermarthen in 1644. His See also:mother's family was legal; her grandfather had been See also:chief See also:baron of the See also:exchequer. Richard was educated at the See also:Charterhouse and at See also:Gloucester See also:Hall, See also:Oxford, where he matriculated in 1634. Through the See also:request of one of the See also:queen's ladies on the royal visit to Oxford he was made M.A., though only in his second See also:year at the university. Lovelace's fame has been kept alive by a few songs and the See also:romance of his career, and his poems are commonly spoken of as careless improvisations, and merely the amusements of an active soldier. But the unhappy course of his See also:life gave him more leisure for See also:verse-making than opportunity of soldiering. Before the outbreak of the See also:civil See also:war in 1642 his only active service was in the bloodless expedition which ended in the Pacification of See also:Berwick in 164o. On the conclusion of See also:peace he entered into See also:possession of the family estates at Bethersden, See also:Canterbury, See also:Chart and Halden in See also:Kent. By that time he was one of the most distinguished of the See also:company of courtly poets gathered See also:round Queen Henrietta, who were influenced as a school by contemporary See also:French writers of vers de societe.

He wrote a See also:

comedy, The See also:Scholar, when he was sixteen, and a tragedy, The -Soldier, when he was twenty-one. From what he says of See also:Fletcher, it would seem that this dramatist was his See also:model, but only the See also:prologue and See also:epilogue to his comedy have been preserved. When the rupture between See also:king and See also:parliament took See also:place, Lovelace was committed to the See also:Gatehouse at See also:Westminster for presenting to the See also:Commons in 1642 a See also:petition from Kentish royalists in the king's favour. It was then that he wrote his most famous See also:song, " To Althea from See also:Prison." He was liberated, says See also:Wood, on See also:bail of £40,000 (more probably £4000), and throughout the civil war was a prisoner on See also:parole, with this See also:security in the hands of his enemies. He contrived, however, to render considerable service to the king's cause. He provided his two See also:brothers with See also:money to raise men for the Royalist See also:army, and befriended many of the king's adherents. He was especially generous to scholars and musicians, and among his associates in See also:London were See also:Henry See also:Lawes and See also:John Gamble, the Cottons, Sir See also:Peter See also:Lely, See also:Andrew Marvell and probably Sir John Suckling. He joined the king at Oxford in 1645, and after the surrender of the See also:city in 1646 he raised a See also:regiment for the service of the French king. He was wounded at the See also:siege of See also:Dunkirk, and with his brother See also:Dudley, who had acted as See also:captain in his brother's command, returned to See also:England in 1648. It is not known whether the brothers took any See also:part in the disturbances in Kent of that year, but both were imprisoned at See also:Petre See also:House in Alders-See also:gate. During this second imprisonment he collected and revised for the See also:press a See also:volume of occasional poems, many if not most of which had previously appeared in various publications. The volume was published in 1649 under the See also:title of Lucasta, his poetical name—contracted from Lux Casta—for a See also:lady rashly identified by Wood as See also:Lucy See also:Sacheverell, who, it is said, married another during his See also:absence in See also:France, on a See also:report that he had died of his wounds at Dunkirk.

The last ten years of Lovelace's life were passed in obscurity. His See also:

fortune had been exhausted in the king's See also:interest, and he is said to have been supported by the generosity of See also:friends. He died in 1658 " in a cellar in See also:Long-See also:acre," according to See also:Aubrey, who, however, possibly exaggerates his poverty. A volume of Lovelace's Posthume Poems was published in 1659 by his brother Dudley. They are of inferior merit to his own collection. The See also:world has done no injustice to Lovelace in neglecting all but a few of his modest offerings to literature. But critics often do him injustice in dismissing him as a See also:gay See also:cavalier, who dashed off his verses hastily and cared little what became of them. It is a See also:mistake to class him with Suckling; he has neither Suckling's easy See also:grace nor his reckless spontaneity. We have only to compare the version of any of his poems in Lucasta with the See also:form in which it originally appeared to see how fastidious was his revision. In many places it takes time to decipher his meaning. The expression is often elliptical, the syntax inverted and tortuous, the See also:train of thought intricate and discontinuous. These faults—they are not of course to be found in his two or three popular lyrics, " Going to the See also:Wars," " To Althea from Prison," " The See also:Scrutiny "—are, however, as in the See also:case of his poetical See also:master, See also:Donne, the faults not of haste but of over-elaboration.

His thoughts are not the first thoughts of an See also:

improvisatore, but -thoughts ten or twenty stages removed from the first, and they are generally as closely packed as they are far-fetched. His poems were edited by W. C. See also:Hazlitt in 1864.

End of Article: LOVELACE, RICHARD (1618-1658)

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