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SASKATCHEWAN
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SASKATCHEWAN , a See also:province of Western See also:Canada, lying between the two provinces of See also:Alberta and See also:Manitoba. See also:Area, 250,650 sq. m. The See also:south-eastern portion is chiefly See also:prairie, being the continuation of the second prairie See also:steppe found in xiv. 8225 Manitoba. About See also:roe W. the See also:Missouri Coteau, an See also:elevation of several See also:hundred feet, probably an old glacial See also:moraine, crosses the See also:southern boundary and runs See also:north-westward, being the eastern escarpment of the third prairie steppe which runs to the Rocky Mountains. Several elevations of See also:note are found in the southern See also:half of the province. On the central See also:part of the southern boundary is See also:Wood See also:Mountain, a See also:succession of See also:clay hills. On the See also:lower level is See also:Moose Mountain, and north of it See also:Beaver Bmery Welker . Hills and Touchwood Hills. These are elevations of morainal or glacial deposits. The See also:river Saskatchewan (q.v.) gives its name to the province.. In central Saskatchewan near the south See also:bend of the South Saskatchewan begins the river Qu'Appelle (" Who Calls? "), which runs eastward, and See also:crossing the western boundary of Manitoba falls into the Assiniboine river. Farther to the south rises the Souris river, which flows parallel to the Missouri Coteau, passes southward into N. Dakota, and again entering the province of Manitoba finds its way at length into the Assiniboine river. North of the Saskatchewan river the II SASKATCHEWAN See also:surface of the province becomes heavily wooded, and this See also:great See also:forest continues through the broken Laurentian and See also:Cambrian region, becoming dwarfed as it goes north. In this portion of the province are found See also:Reindeer See also:Lake, and north-See also:west of this the easterly portion of Lake See also:Athabasca, which is on the provincial boundary See also:line of Alberta. See also:Climate.—Extending as the province does from north to south for more than 75o m., it may be readily seen that, as in the See also:case of Alberta, there will be a great range of climate and temperature. The south-western part of the province is influenced much by the See also:chinook winds which from the Rocky Mountain valleys come through Alberta. The climate here is. dry, and portions of the See also:country need See also:irrigation. In south-eastern Saskatchewan the prairie lies on a lower level, there is more moisture, and the climate in See also:winter is more steady. The whole province of Saskatchewan, except the south-western part, is well watered. As in the case of Alberta, the southern third of Saskatchewan has a moderate and changeable climate; in the central third ranging from See also:Regina to See also:Prince See also:Albert it is steady, while in the See also:northern third, through the Laurentian region to 60° N., it is severe. Compare the following table: Elevation. Mean Temperature. J See also:Average Mean precipitation. Summer. Winter. See also:Maple See also:Creek . 2495 ft. 62° 15.3° Io•18 in. See also:Swift Current 2423 ,, 6o° 9'4° 17.04 +, Regina . . 1885 ,, 50° 0° 9.03 Prince Albert 1402 „ 54'6° .09° 14.45 Battleford 1615 „ 61.4° 7'1° 13.62 „ See also:animal See also:life of Saskatchewan resembles that of Alberta (q.v.), excepting the mountain See also:lion, mountain See also:sheep and mountain See also:goat, which belong to the Rocky Mountains. The plant life of Saskatchewan is much like that of eastern Alberta. The See also:Douglas See also:fir and several varieties of See also:pine found in the Rocky Mountains do not occur. See also:Population.—By the See also:census of 1906 the population of Saskatchewan was found to be 257,763. It had grown from 91,279 in 1901 (the area of the province being in 1906 somewhat greater than in 1901). The population is to a large extent See also:Canadian, and the See also:immigration has been largely from (1) the See also:British Isles; (2) the See also:United States; (3) the See also:continent of See also:Europe. Several large bodies of foreigners are found. There is a community of upwards of 8000 See also:Doukhobors—a See also:sect of See also:Russian See also:Quakers. Their tenets are See also:peculiar, involving opposition to See also:form in See also:religion, to See also:marriage and to submission to governmental requirements. They See also:desire to hold their See also:land in See also:common. The Russian writer See also:Tolstoy was a See also:promoter of this immigration. Considerable bodies of Galicians are also found in the province. On the See also:Indian population there were 9049 in Igor; and of Indian half-breeds 7949 in the same See also:year. The See also:Indians of Saskatchewan are chiefly See also:Plain or Wood Crees, with a mixture among them of Saulteaux. To-See also: In these reserves along the Qu'Appelle river are presented many examples of the successful management of the Indians by the Dominion government. These reserves are largely self-supporting; the Indians have comfortable houses, grow considerable crops of See also:grain, make large quantities of See also:hay and possess herds of See also:cattle. At Regina, Qu'Appelle, Crooked Lakes and other See also:industrial See also:schools, See also:young Indians—both male and . See also:female—receive a See also:practical See also:education. Many of these are making excellent farmers. Government, &c.—Throughout the province the municipal See also:system of self-government, especially in the cities, towns and villages, is being introduced. There are two cities in the province, (I) Regina (pop. 9804 in 1907), the See also:capital; (2) Moose See also:Jaw (pop. 6249). The latter is a divisional point on the Canadian Pacific railway, and owes its importance chiefly to its railway connexions. In the northern portion of the province are two considerable towns (I) Prince Albert (pop. 3005), on the See also:banks of the North Saskatchewan river, giving promise of becoming a manufacturing centre, having as it has the great forest on the north See also:side of the Saskatchewan river, adjoining it. (2) Saskatoon (pop. 3011), on the South Saskatchewan river. This, though a new See also:town, bids See also:fair to become a great railway centre. Here the Canadian Pacific, the Canadian Northern and the See also:Grand See also:Trunk Pacific See also:railways all See also:cross the great river of the province, and tributary to this town is a large area of arable and prairie land. The Saskatchewan is to some extent navigated, but a serious obstacle, the Grand Rapids, near the mouth of the river, requires a See also:canal to allow the entrance of steamers into Lake See also:Winnipeg. The southern part of the province is being covered by railways, the Canadian Pacific railway having its See also:main line generally parallel to the See also:international boundary line, at a distance of one hundred to one hundred and fifty See also:miles. This railway has south of its main line two important branches: (I) The " Soo " line from Moose Jaw to Estevan, and connecting with the United States' system of railways. (2) The See also:Arcola See also:branch from the south-eastern corner of the province See also:running to Regina. Another branch leaves the main line for the north at Kirkella, and this will make a See also:direct communication with See also:Edmonton, while another branch line enters the province at See also:Harrowby and runs westward to join the Kirkella branch on its way to Saskatoon and Edmonton. The Canadian Northern railway has a line which enters the province at See also:Togo and following the Saskatchewan leaves the province at Lloydminster and pushes on to Edmonton. The Grand Trunk Pacific railway follows a direct line from Winnipeg to Edmonton, entering the province at 51° 25' N. and leaving it at 52° 35' N. for the west. The See also:chief See also:industries of Saskatchewan are cattle-rearing in the northern part and grain growing in the south of the province. See also:Coal is found on the Saskatchewan, and a See also:light variety of See also:lignite on the Souris river near the international boundary. The province follows in See also:general the See also:plan of government found in the other provinces of the Dominion. The capital of the province is Regina (q.v.). A provincial See also:governor lives at Regina and he has a See also:cabinet of four ministers. The legislature consists of twenty-five members. The province has adopted a public schools See also:act, which has a proviso for the See also:establishment of See also:separate schools, but this is so surrounded by restrictions as to be almost non-effective, every such school being required in all particulars to follow the public school See also:model. The system covers both secondary and See also:primary public schools. A normal school is in operation at Regina. The religions of the See also:people are similar to those in the other western provinces of Canada. The See also:principal denominations were in 1901 as follows: Presbyterians . . 17,151 See also:Baptists . . 2618 See also:Roman Catholics . 17,116 Doukhobors . 8700
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