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STILLMAN, WILLIAM JAMES (1828—1901)

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Originally appearing in Volume V25, Page 922 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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STILLMAN, See also:WILLIAM See also:JAMES (1828—1901) , See also:American painter and journalist, was See also:born at See also:Schenectady, New See also:York, on the 1st of See also:June 1828. His parents were Seventh-See also:Day See also:Baptists, and his See also:early religious training influenced him all though his See also:life. He was sent to school in New York by his See also:mother, who made See also:great sacrifices that he might get an See also:education, and he graduated at See also:Union See also:College, Schenectady, in 1848. He studied See also:art under See also:Frederick E. See also:Church and early in 185o went to See also:England, where he made the acquaintance of See also:Ruskin, whose See also:Modern Painters hehad devoured, was introduced to See also:Turner, for whose See also:works he had unbounded admiration, and See also:fell so much under the See also:influence of See also:Rossetti and See also:Millais that on his return See also:home in the same See also:year he speedily became known as the " American Pre-Raphaelite. " In 1852 See also:Kossuth sent him on a See also:fool's errand to See also:Hungary to dig up See also:crown jewels, which had been buried secretly during the insurrection of 1848—1849. While he was awaiting a projected rising in See also:Milan, Stillman studied art under Yvon in See also:Paris, and then, as the rising did not take See also:place, he returned to the See also:United States and devoted himself to landscape See also:painting on Upper Saranac See also:Lake in the See also:Adirondacks and in New York See also:City, where he started the See also:Crayon. It numbered See also:Lowell, See also:Aldrich and See also:Charles See also:Eliot See also:Norton among its contributors, and when it failed for want of funds, Stillman removed to See also:Cambridge, See also:Massachusetts. There he passed several years, but a See also:fit of restlessness started him off once more to England. He renewed his friendship with Ruskin, and went with him to See also:Switzerland to paint and draw in the See also:Alps, where he worked so assiduously that his See also:eye-sight was affected. He then lived in Faris and was in See also:Normandy in 1861 when the American See also:Civil See also:War See also:broke out. He made more than one See also:attempt to serve in the See also:Northern ranks, but his See also:health was too weak; in the same year he was appointed United States See also:consul in See also:Rome.

In 1865 a dispute with his See also:

government led to his resignation, but immediately afterwards he was appointed to See also:Crete, where, as an avowed See also:champion of the Christians in the See also:island and of Cretan See also:independence, he was regarded with hostility both by the Mussulman See also:population and by the See also:Turkish authorities, and in See also:September 1868 he resigned and went to See also:Athens, where his first wife (a daughter of See also:David Mack of Cambridge), worn out by the excitement of life in Crete, committed See also:suicide. He was an editor of Scribner's See also:Magazine for a See also:short See also:time and then went to See also:London, where he lived with D. G. Rossetti. In 1871 he married a daughter of See also:Michael Spartali, the See also:Greek consul-See also:general. When the insurrection of 1875 broke out in Herzegovina he went there as a correspondent of The Times, and his letters from the Balkans aroused so much See also:interest that the See also:British government was induced to lend its countenance to Montenegrin aspirations. In 1877—1883 he served as the correspondent of The Times at Athens; in 1886—1898 at Rome. He was a severe critic of See also:Italian statesmen, and embroiled himself at various times with various politicians, from See also:Crispi downwards. After his retirement he lived in See also:Surrey, where he died on the 6th of See also:July 1901. He wrote The Cretan Insurrection of x866—i868 (1874). On the Track of Ulysses (1888), Billy and Hans (1897) and See also:Francesco Crispi (1899). See his Autobiography of a Journalist (2 vols., See also:Boston, 1901).

STILLWATER, a city and the See also:

county-seat of See also:Washington county, See also:Minnesota, U.S.A., at the See also:head of Lake St Croix, on the See also:west See also:bank of the St Croix See also:river, 20 M. above its mouth, and about 20 M. N.E. of St See also:Paul. Pop. (189o) 11,26o; (1900)12,318; (1905 See also:state See also:census) 12,435, 3586 being See also:foreign-born (1189 Swedes, 849 Germans, 828 Canadians); (1910 U.S. census) 10,198. It is served by the Northern Pacific, the See also:Chicago, St Paul, Minneapolis & See also:Omaha, and the Chicago, See also:Milwaukee & St Paul See also:railways, and is connected by electric See also:line with St Paul and Minneapolis. The city is picturesquely situated on bluffs rising from the St Croix and commanding See also:fine views. Among the public buildings are a handsome public library, the city See also:hall, the county See also:court-See also:house, the Federal See also:building, an auditorium, and the city See also:hospital, and the city is the seat of the Stillwater business college, and of the Minnesota .state See also:prison, established in 1851, in which a See also:system of See also:parole and of graded diminution of sentences is in force, and in connexion with which is maintained a school and a library. Commercially Stillwater is important as a centre of the See also:lumber See also:trade and as a See also:shipping point for cereal products. The valuable See also:water-See also:power is utilized by its varied manufactories. In 1905 the value of the factory products was $2,784,113 an increase of 54.6% since 1900. Stillwater, the first See also:town platted in Minnesota, was permanently settled in 1843, and was laid out in 1848 by See also:Joseph Renshaw See also:Brown (1805—1870), a See also:pioneer editor and soldier. Here met in 1848 the " Stillwater See also:Convention," famous in Minnesota See also:history as the first step in the erection of Minnesota Territory.

Still-water was chartered as a city in 1854. The first electric railway in the state was completed here in 1889, but failed later.

End of Article: STILLMAN, WILLIAM JAMES (1828—1901)

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