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See also:CAPERCALLY, or CAPERKALLY ,2 a See also:bird's name commonly derived from the Gaelic ca pull, a See also:horse (or, more properly, a
1 Some writers wrongly speak as though the two hills were identical.
2 This is the spelling of the old See also:law-books, as given by See also:Pennant, the zoologist, who, on something more than See also:mere See also:report, first included this bird among the See also:British See also:fauna. The only one of the " Scots Acts," however, in which the See also:present writer has been able to ascertain that the bird is named is No. 30 of See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James VI. (1621), which was passed to protect " powties, partrikes, rnoore foulles, blakcoks, See also:- GRAY
- GRAY (or GREY), WALTER DE (d. 1255)
- GRAY, ASA (1810-1888)
- GRAY, DAVID (1838-1861)
- GRAY, ELISHA (1835-1901)
- GRAY, HENRY PETERS (1819-18/7)
- GRAY, HORACE (1828–1902)
- GRAY, JOHN DE (d. 1214)
- GRAY, JOHN EDWARD (1800–1875)
- GRAY, PATRICK GRAY, 6TH BARON (d. 1612)
- GRAY, ROBERT (1809-1872)
- GRAY, SIR THOMAS (d. c. 1369)
- GRAY, THOMAS (1716-1771)
gray hennis, termigantis, quailzies, capercailzies, &c.See also:mare), and coille, a See also:wood, but with greater likelihood, according .to the See also:opinion of Dr M'Lauchlan, from cabher, an old See also:man (and, by See also:metaphor, an old bird), and coille, the name of Tetrao urogallus, the largest of the See also:grouse See also:family (Tetraonidae), and a See also:species which was formerly indigenous to See also:Scotland and See also:Ireland. The word is frequently spelt otherwise, as capercalze, capercailzie (the z, a See also:letter unknown in Gaelic, being pronounced like y), and capercaillie, and the See also:English name of wood-grouse or See also:cock-of-the-wood has been often applied to the same bird. The earliest See also:notice of it as an inhabitant of See also:North See also:Britain seems to be by See also:Hector Boethius, whose See also:works were published in 1526, and it can then be traced through various Scottish writers, to whom, however, it was evidently but little known, for about 200 years, or may be more, and by one of them only, See also:Bishop See also:Lesley, in 1578, was a definite See also:habitat assigned to it:—" In Rossia quoque Louguhabria [See also:Lochaber], atque aliis montanis locis " (De Origine Moribus et See also:rebus gestis Scotorum. Romae: ed. 1675, p. 24). Pennant, during one of his See also:tours in Scotland, found that it was then (1769) still to be met with in Glen Moriston and in The Chisholm's See also:country, whence he saw a cock-bird. We may infer that it became See also:extinct about that See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time, since See also:Robert Gray (Birds of the See also:West of Scotland, p. 229) quotes the Rev. See also:John See also:- GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
- GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
- GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
- GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
- GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
- GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
- GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
- GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
- GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
- GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
- GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
- GRANT, U
- GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)
Grant as See also:writing in 1794: " The last seen in Scotland was in the See also:woods of Strathglass about See also:thirty-two years ago." Of its existence in Ireland we have scarcely more details. If we may See also:credit the Pavones sylvestres of Giraldus Cambrensis with being of this species, it was once abundant there, and See also:Willughby (1678) was told that it was known in that See also:kingdom as the "cock-of-the-wood." A few other writers mention it by the same name,and John Rutty, in 1772, says (Nat. Hist. See also:Dublin, i. p. 302) that " one was seen in the See also:county of See also:Leitrim about the See also:year 1710, but they have entirely disappeared of See also:late, by See also:reason of the destruction of our woods." Pennant also states that about 176o a few were to be found about Thomastown in See also:Tipperary, but no later See also:evidence is forthcoming, and thus it would seem that the species was exterminated at nearly the same See also:period in both Ireland and Scotland.
When the practice of planting was introduced, the restoration of this See also:fine bird to both countries was attempted. In Ireland the trial, of which some particulars are given by J. See also:Vaughan See also:Thompson (Birds of Ireland, ii. 32), was made at Glengariff, but it seems to have utterly failed, whereas in Scotland, where it was begun at Taymouth, it finally succeeded, and the species is now not only firmly established, but is increasing in See also:numbers and range. Mr L. LIoyd, the author of several excellent works on the See also:wild See also:sports and natural See also:history of Scandinavia, supplied the stock from See also:Sweden, but it must be always See also:borne in mind that the See also:original British See also:race was wholly extinct, and no remains of it are known to exist in any museum.
This species is widely, though intermittently, distributed on the See also:continent of See also:Europe, from See also:Lapland to the See also:northern parts of See also:Spain, See also:Italy and See also:Greece, but is always restricted to See also:pine-forests, which alone afford it See also:food in See also:winter. Its bones have been found in the See also:kitchen-middens of See also:Denmark, proving that country to have once been clothed with woods of that See also:kind. Its remains have also been recognized from the caves of See also:Aquitaine. Its eastern or See also:southern limits in See also:Asia cannot be precisely given, but it certainly inhabits the forests of a See also:great See also:part of See also:Siberia. On the Stannovoi Mountains, however, it is replaced by a distinct though nearly allied species, the T. urogalloides of Dr von Middendorff,3 which is smaller with a slenderer See also:bill but longer tail.
The cock-of-the-wood is remarkable for his large See also:size and dark plumage, with the See also:breast metallic See also:green. He is polygamous, and in See also:spring mounts to the topmost bough of a tall See also:- TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
- TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )
tree, whence he challenges all comers by extraordinary sounds and gestures; while the hens, which are much smaller and mottled in See also:colour, timidly abide below the result of the frequent duels, patiently submitting themselves to the See also:victor. While this is going on it is the practice in many countries, though generally in See also:defiance
3 Not to be confounded with the bird so named previously by Prof. See also:Nilsson, which is a hybrid.
of the law, for the so-called sportsman stealthily to draw nigh, and with well-aimed See also:gun to See also:murder the See also:principal performer in the See also:scene. The See also:hen makes an artless See also:nest on the ground, and See also:lays therein from seven to nine or even more eggs. The See also:young are able to See also:fly soon after they are hatched, and towards the end of summer and beginning of autumn, from feeding on the See also:fruit and leaves of the bilberries and other similar See also:plants, which See also:form the undercovert of the forests, get into excellent See also:condition and become See also:good eating. With the first heavy falls of See also:snow they betake themselves to the trees, and then, feeding on the pine-leaves, their flesh speedily acquires so strong a flavour of See also:turpentine as to be distasteful to most palates. The usual method of pursuing this species on the continent of Europe is by encouraging a trained See also:dog to range the See also:forest and spring the birds, which then See also:perch on the trees; while he is baying at the See also:foot their See also:attention is so much attracted by him that they permit the near approach of his See also:master, who thus obtains a more or less easy shot. A considerable number, however, are also snared. Hybrids are very frequently produced between the capercally and the See also:black grouse (T. tetrix), and the offspring has been described by some authors under the name of T. medius, as though a distinct species. (A.
End of Article: CAPERCALLY, or CAPERKALLY
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