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JAN LASKI

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Originally appearing in Volume V16, Page 234 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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JAN

JAN See also:
LASKI
LASKI , the See also:

elder (1456—1531), See also:

POLISH

Polish statesman and See also:

Constantinople as his intermediary. On his way thither he was ecclesiastic, appears to have been largely self-taught and to have attacked and robbed of everything, including his See also:

CREDENTIALS (lettres de creance)

credentials and owed everything to the remarkable See also:

MENTAL

mental alertness which was the See also:

rich- presents without which no negotiations were deemed hereditary in the Laski See also:

FAMILY

family. He took orders betimes, and in possible at the See also:

PORTE, THE SUBLIME (Arab. babi-'ali, the high gate, through the French translation la sublime porte)

Porte. But Laski was nothing if not audacious. 1495 was secretary to the Polish See also:

CHANCELLOR (M. Eng. and Anglo-Fr. canceler, chanceler, Fr. chancelier, Lat. cancellarius)

chancellor Zawisza Kurozwecki, proceeding on his way to the See also:

TURKISH

Turkish See also:

capital empty-handed, in which position he acquired both See also:

INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence and experience. he nevertheless succeeded in gaining the confidence of Gritti, the The aged chancellor entrusted the See also:

sharp-witted See also:

young ecclesiastic favourite of the See also:

GRAND

grand See also:

VIZIER

vizier, and ultimately persuaded the with the conduct of several important See also:

MISSIONS (Lat. missio, a sending)

missions. Twice, in 1495 See also:

SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

sultan to befriend Zapolya and to proclaim him See also:

king of See also:

Hungary. and again in 1500, he was sent to See also:

Rome, and once on a See also:

SPECIAL

special He went still further, and without the slightest authority for his See also:

EMBASSY

embassy to See also:

FLANDERS (Flem. Vlaanderen)

Flanders, of which he has See also:

LEFT

left an See also:

account. On these See also:

ACTION

action concluded a ten years' truce between his old See also:

MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master occasions he had the opportunity of displaying See also:

DIPLOMATIC

diplomatic See also:

TALENT (Lat. talentum, adaptation of Gr. TaXavrov, balance, ! Recollections of a First Visit to the Alps (1841); Vacation Rambles weight, from root raX-, to lift, as in rXi vac, to bear, 1-aXas, and Thoughts, comprising recollections of three Continental

talent King See also:

SIGISMUND (1368-1437)

Sigismund of See also:

Poland and the Porte. He then returned of a high See also:

order. On the See also:

ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession to the Polish See also:

THRONE

throne in 15or of to Hungary at the See also:

head of 10,000 men, with whose aid he enabled the indolent See also:

Alexander, who had little knowledge of Polish affairs Zapolya to re-establish his position and defeat See also:

Ferdinand at and chiefly resided in Lithuania, Laski was appointed by the See also:

SAROS

Saros-Patak. He was rewarded with the countship of Zips See also:

SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

senate the king's secretary, in which capacity he successfully and the See also:

GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor-generalship of Transylvania. But his influence opposed the growing separatist tendencies of the grand-duchy excited the See also:

JEALOUSY (adapted from Fr. jalousie, formed from jaloux, jealous, Low Lat. zelosus, Gr. j'i os, ardour, zeal, from the root seen in '&u', to boil, ferment; cf. " yeast ")

jealousy of the See also:

MAGYARS

Magyars, and Zapolya was persuaded and maintained the influence of Catholicism, now seriously to imprison him. On being released by the interposition of the threatened there by the See also:

MUSCOVITE

Muscovite propaganda.

So struck Polish grand See also:

HETMAN

hetman, See also:

TARNOWSKI, JAN [called MAGNUS] (1488-1561)

Tarnowski, he became the most violent was the king by his ability that on the See also:

DEATH

death of the Polish opponent of Zapolya. Shortly after his return to Poland, chancellor in 1503 he passed over the See also:

VICE

vice-chancellor Macics Laski died suddenly at See also:

CRACOW (Pol. Krakov; Ger. Krakau)

Cracow, probably poisoned by one of his Dzewicki and confided the See also:

GREAT

great See also:

seal to Laski. As chancellor innumerable enemies. Laski supported the szlachta, or See also:

COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country-gentlemen, against See Alexander Hirschberg, Hieronymus Laski (Pol.) (See also:

LEMBERG (Pol. Lwdw, Lat. Leopolis)

Lemberg, the See also:

LOWER

lower orders, going so far as to pass an See also:

EDICT (Lat. edictum, from e, out, and dicere, to say, speak)

edict excluding 1888). henceforth all plebeians from the higher benefices of the See also:

church. JAN LASKI, the younger (1499—1560), also known as Johannes Nevertheless he approved himself such an excellent public a Lasco, Polish reformer, son of Jaroslaw (d. 1523) See also:

VOIVODE (also Vaivode, Vayvode, Wayvode, &c., Med. Gr. oe 68os)

voivode servant that the new king, Sigismund I., made him one of his of Sieradia and See also:

NEPHEW

nephew of the famous See also:

ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

Archbishop Laski. During See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief counsellors. In 1511 the chancellor, who ecclesiastically his academical course abroad he made the acquaintance of was still only a See also:

CANON

canon of Cracow, obtained the coveted dignity See also:

ZWINGLI, HULDREICH (1484—1531)

Zwingli and See also:

ERASMUS, DESIDERIUS (1466–1536)

Erasmus and returned to Poland in 1526 saturated of archbishop of See also:

GNESEN (Polish, Gniezno)

Gnesen which carried with it the primacy of with the new doctrines. Nevertheless he took orders, and owing the Polish church. In the See also:

long negotiations with the restive to the influence of his See also:

UNCLE

uncle obtained the bishopric of Veszprem and semi-rebellious See also:

Teutonic Order, Laski rendered Sigismund in Hungary from King See also:

John Zapolya, besides holding a canonry most important See also:

POLITICAL

political services, proposing as a See also:

SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution of the of Cracow and the See also:

OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office of royal secretary. In 1531 he resigned question that Sigismund should be elected grand master, while all his benefices rather than give up a woman whom he had he, Laski, should surrender the primacy to the new See also:

CANDIDATE

candidate secretly married, and having incurred See also:

general reprobation and of the knights, See also:

Albert of See also:

BRANDENBURG

Brandenburg, a solution which would the lasting displeasure of his uncle the archbishop, he fled to have been far more profitable to Poland than the ultimate See also:

Germany, where ultimately (1543) he adopted the See also:

Augsburg See also:

settlement of 1525.

In 1513 Laski was sent to the Lateran See also:

CONFESSION (Lat. confessio, from confiteor, acknowledge, confess)

Confession. For the next thirteen years Laski was a wandering See also:

COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council, convened by See also:

Pope See also:

JULIUS

Julius II., to plead the cause of Poland apostle of the new doctrines. He was successively See also:

SUPERINTENDENT

superintendent against the knights, where both as an orator and as a diplomatist at See also:

EMDEN

Emden and in See also:

FRIESLAND, or VRIESLAND

Friesland, passed from thence to See also:

LONDON

London where he brilliantly distinguished himself. This See also:

MISSION

mission was equally he became a member of the so-called See also:

ECCLESIA (Gr. EKKX ria, from Lc, out, and Ka)teiv, to call)

ecclesia peregrinorum, a profitable to his country and himself, and he succeeded in obtain- See also:

CONGREGATION (Lat. congregatio, a gathering together, from cum, with, grex, gregis, a flock, herd)

congregation of See also:

FOREIGN

foreign Protestants exiled in consequence of the See also:

ing from the pope for the archbishops of Gnesen the See also:

TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of legati Augsburg See also:

INTERIM

Interim of 1548 and, on being expelled by See also:

Queen nati. In his old See also:

AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age Laski's partiality for his nephew, Hieronymus, See also:

Mary, took See also:

REFUGE

refuge first in See also:

Denmark and subsequently at See also:

FRANK, JAKOB (1726-1791)

Frank-led him to support the candidature of John Zapolya, the protege fort-on-See also:

Main, where he was greatly esteemed. From See also:

FRANKFORT

Frankfort of the See also:

TURKS

Turks, for the Hungarian See also:

CROWN

crown so vehemently against he addressed three letters (printed at See also:

Basel) to King Sigismund, the Habsburgs that See also:

Clement VII. excommunicated him, and the See also:

AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus, and the Polish gentry and See also:

PEOPLE

people, urging the See also:

con-See also:

SHOCK, or COLLAPSE

shock of this disgrace was the cause of his sudden death in 1531. version of Poland to Protestantism. In 1556, during the brief Of his numerous See also:

WORKS

works the most noteworthy are his collection of See also:

TRIUMPH (triumphus)

triumph of the See also:

ANTI, or CAMPA

anti-catholics, he returned to his native See also:

LAND

land, Polish statutes entitled: Statuta provinciae gnesnensis antiqua, took See also:

PART

part in the See also:

synod of Brzesc, and published a number of (Cracow, 1525—1528) and De Ruthenorum nationibus eorumque polemical works, the most noteworthy of which were Forma ,erroribus, printed at See also:

NUREMBERG (Ger. Nurnberg)

Nuremberg. ac ratio Iota ecclesiastici ministerii in peregrinorum Ecdesiae See Heinrich R. von See also:

ZEISSBERG, HEINRICH, RITTER

Zeissberg, Joh. Laski, Erzbischof in Gnesen instituta (Pinczow, 1560), and in Polish, See also:

HISTORY

History of the Cruel (See also:

Vienna, 1874) ; and Jan Korytkowski, Jan Laski, Archbishop of Persecution of the Church of See also:

God in 1567, republished in his Gnesen (Gnesen, 188o).

End of Article: JAN LASKI

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