|
RENE I . (1409-148o), See also:duke of See also:Anjou, of See also:Lorraine and See also:Bar, See also:count of See also:Provence and of See also:Piedmont, See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of See also:Naples, See also:Sicily and See also:Jerusalem, was See also:born at See also:Angers on the 16th of See also:January 1409, the second son of See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis II., king of Sicily, duke of Anjou, count of Provence, and of See also:Yolande of See also:Aragon. Louis II. died in 1417, and his sons, together with their See also:brother-in-See also:law, after-wards See also:Charles VII. of See also:France, were brought up under the guardianship of their See also:mother. The See also:elder, Louis III., succeeded to the See also:crown of Sicily and to the duchy of Anjou, Rene being known as the count of See also:Guise. By his See also:marriage treaty (1419) with See also:Isabel, elder daughter of Charles II., duke of Lorraine, he became See also:heir to the duchy of Bar, which was claimed as the See also:inheritance of his mother Yolande, and, in right of his wife, heir to the duchy of Lorraine. Rene, then only ten, was to be brought up in Lorraine under the guardianship of Charles II. and Louis, See also:cardinal of Bar, both of whom were attached to the Burgundian party, but he retained the right to See also:bear the arms of Anjou. He was far from sympathizing with the Burgundians, and, joining the See also:French See also:army at See also:Reims in 1429, was See also:present at the See also:coronation of Charles VII. When Louis of Bar died in 1430 Rene came into See also:sole See also:possession of his duchy, and in the next See also:year, on his See also:father-in-law's See also:death, he succeeded to the duchy of Lorraine. But the inheritance was claimed by the heir-male, See also:Antoine de Vaudemont, who with Burgundian help defeated Rene at Bulgneville in See also:July 1431. The Duchess Isabel effected a truce with Antoine de Vaudemont, but the duke remained a. prisoner of the Burgundians until See also:April 1432, when he recovered his See also:liberty on See also:parole on yielding up as hostages his two sons, See also:Jean and Louis of Anjou. His See also:title as duke of Lorraine was confirmed by his suzerain, the See also:Emperor See also:Sigismund, at See also:Basel in 1434. This proceeding roused the anger of the Burgundian duke, See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip the See also:Good, who required him See also:early in the next year to return to his See also:prison, from which he was released two years later on See also:payment of a heavy See also:ransom. He had succeeded to the See also:kingdom of Naples through the deaths of his brother Louis III. and of Jeanne II. de Duras, See also:queen of Naples, the last heir of the earlier See also:dynasty. Louis had been adopted by her in 1431, and she now See also:left her inheritance to Rene. The marriage of See also:Marie de See also:Bourbon, niece of Philip of See also:Burgundy, with See also:John, duke of See also:Calabria, Rene's eldest son, cemented See also:peace between the two princes. After appointing a regency in Bar and Lorraine, he visited his provinces of Anjou and Provence, and in 1438 set See also:sail for Naples, which had been held for him by the Duchess Isabel. Rene's captivity, and the poverty of the Angevin resources due to his ransom, enabled See also:Alphonso of Aragon, who had been first adopted and then repudiated by Jeanne II., to make some headway in the kingdom of Naples, especially as he was already in possession of the See also:island of Sicily. In 1441 Alphonso laid See also:siege to Naples, which he sacked after a six months' siege. Rene returned to France in the same year, and though he retained the title of king of Naples his effective See also:rule was never recovered. Later efforts to recover his rights in See also:Italy failed. His mother Yolande, who had governed Anjou in his See also:absence, died in 1442. Rene took See also:part in the negotiations with the See also:English at See also:Tours in 1444, and peace was consolidated by the marriage of his younger daughter, See also:Margaret, with See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry VI. at See also:Nancy. Rene now made over the See also:government of Lorraine to John, duke of Calabria, who was, however, only formally installed as duke of Lorraine on the death of Queen Isabel in
II
1453. Rene had the confidence of Charles VII., and is said to have initiated the reduction of the men-at-arms set on See also:foot by the king, with whose military operations against the English he was closely associated. He entered See also:Rouen with him in See also:November 1449, and was also with him at Formigny and See also:Caen. After his second marriage with Jeanne de See also:Laval, daughter of See also:Guy XIV., count of Laval, and Isabel of See also:Brittany, Rene took a less active part in public affairs, and devoted himself more to See also:artistic and See also:literary pursuits. The fortunes of his See also:house declined in his old See also:age. The duke of Calabria, after repeated misfortunes in Italy, was offered the crown of Aragon in 1467, but died, apparently by See also:poison, at See also:Barcelona on the 16th of See also:December 1470; the duke's eldest son See also:Nicholas perished in 1473, also under suspicion of poisoning; Rene's daughter Margaret was a refugee from See also:England, her son See also:Prince See also:Edward was murdered in 1471, and she herself became a prisoner, to be rescued by Louis XI. in 1476. His only surviving male descendant was then Rene II., duke of Lorraine, son of his daughter Yolande, comtesse de Vaudemont, who was gained over, to the party of Louis XI., who suspected the king of Sicily of complicity with his enemies, the duke of Brittany and the See also:- CONSTABLE (0. Fr. connestable, Fr. connetable, Med. Lat. comestabilis, conestabilis, constabularius, from the Lat. comes stabuli, count of the stable)
- CONSTABLE, ARCHIBALD (1774-1827)
- CONSTABLE, HENRY (1562-1613)
- CONSTABLE, JOHN (1776-1837)
- CONSTABLE, SIR MARMADUKE (c. 1455-1518)
Constable See also:Saint-Pol. Rene retired to Provence, and in 1474 made a will by which he left Bar to his See also:grandson Rene II., duke of Lorraine; Anjou and Provence to his See also:nephew Charles, count of Le See also:Maine. Louis seized Anjou and Bar, and two years later sought to compel the king of Sicily to See also:exchange the two duchies for a See also:pension. The offer was rejected, but further negotiations assured the See also:lapse to the crown of the duchy of Anjou, and the See also:annexation of Provence was only postponed until the death of the count of Le Maine. Rene died on the loth of July 1480, his charities having earned for him the title of " the good." He founded an See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order of See also:chivalry, the Ordre du Croissant, which was anterior to the royal See also:foundation of St See also:Michael, but did not survive Rene.
The king of Sicily's fame as an See also:amateur of See also:painting has led to the attribution to him of many old paintings in Anjou and Provence, in many cases simply because they bear his arms. These See also:works are generally in the Flemish See also:style, and were probably executed under his patronage and direction, so that he may be said to have formed a school of the See also:fine arts in See also:sculpture, painting, See also:gold See also:work and See also:tapestry. Two of the most famous works formerly attributed to Rene are the See also:triptych, the " Burning See also:Bush," in the See also:cathedral of See also:Aix, showing portraits of Rene and his second wife, Jeanne de Laval, and an illuminated See also:Book of See also:Hours in the Bibliotheque nationale, See also:Paris. The " Burning Bush " was in fact the work of See also:Nicolas Froment, a painter of See also:Avignon. Among the men of letters attached to his See also:court was Antoine de la See also:Sale, whom he made See also:tutor to his son, the duke of Calabria. He encouraged the performance of See also:mystery plays; on the performance of a mystery of the See also:Passion at See also:Saumur in 1462 he remitted four years of taxes to the See also:town, and the representations of the Passion at Angers were carried out under his auspices. He exchanged verses with his kinsman, the poet Charles of See also:- ORLEANS
- ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
- ORLEANS, DUKES OF
- ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
- ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
- ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
- ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
- ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
- ORLEANS, PHILIP I
- ORLEANS, PHILIP II
Orleans. The best of his poems is the See also:idyl of See also:Regnault and Jeanneton, representing his own courtship of Jeanne de Laval. Le Livre See also:des tournois, a book of ceremonial, and the allegorical See also:romance, Conqueste qu'un See also:chevalier nomme le Cuer d'amour espris feist d'une See also:dame appelee Doulce See also:Mercy, with other works ascribed to him, were perhaps dictated to his secretaries, or at least compiled under his direction. His' uvres were published by the See also:comte de Quatrebarbes (4 vols., Paris and Angers, 1845-46).
See A. Lecoy de la See also:Marche, Le Roi Rene (2 vols., 1875) ; A. Vallet de Viriville, in the Nouvelle Biographie generale, where there is some See also:account of the See also:MSS. of his works; and J. See also:Renouvier, See also:Les Peintres et enlumineurs du roi Rene (See also:Montpellier, 1857).
End of Article: RENE I
Additional information and Comments
There are no comments yet for this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.
Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.
|
del.icio.us it!