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See also:SCHILTBERGER, JOHANN or HANS (1381-1440?), See also:German traveller and writer, was See also:born of a See also:noble See also:family in 1381 (May 9th ?), probably at Hollern near Lohof, See also:half way between See also:Munich and See also:Freising, on what was then a See also:property of his family. In 1394 he joined the See also:suite of Lienhart Richartinger, and went off to fight under See also:Sigismund, See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of See also:Hungary (afterwards See also:emperor), against the See also:Turks on the Hungarian frontier. At the See also:battle of See also:Nicopolis (See also:Sept. 28th, 1396) he was wounded and taken prisoner: when he had recovered the use of his feet, See also:Sultan Bayezid I. (Ilderim) took him into his service as a runner (1396–1402). During this See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time he seems to have accompanied See also:Ottoman troops to certain parts of See also:Asia See also:Minor and to See also:Egypt. On Bayezid's overthrow at See also:Angora (See also:July loth, 1402), Schiltberger passed into the service of Bayezid's conqueror Timur: he now appears to have followed Themurlin to See also:Samarkand, and perhaps also to See also:Armenia and See also:Georgia. After Timur's See also:death (See also:February 17th, 1405) his German runner first became a slave of Shah Rukh, the ablest of Timur's sons; then of Miran Shah, a See also:brother of Shah Rukh; then of See also:Abu Bekr, a son of Miran Shah, whose camproamed up and down Armenia. He next accompanied Chekre, a Tatar See also:prince living in Abu Bekr's See also:horde, on an excursion to See also:Siberia, of Which name Schiltberger gives us the first clear mention in See also:west See also:European literature. He also probably followed his new See also:master in his attack on the Old See also:Bulgaria of the See also:middle See also:Volga, answering to the See also:modern Kazan and its neighbourhood. Wanderings in the See also:steppe lands of See also:south-See also:east See also:Russia; visits to Sarai, the old See also:capital of the Kipchak Khanate on the See also:lower Volga and to See also:Azov or See also:Tana, still a trading centre for Venetian and Genoese merchants; a fresh See also:change of See also:servitude on Chekre's ruin; travels in the See also:Crimea, See also:Circassia, See also:Abkhasia and See also:Mingrelia; and finally See also:- ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli
escape (from the neighbourhood of See also:Batum) followed. Arriving at See also:Constantinople, he there See also:lay hid for a time; he then returned to his Bavarian See also:home (1427) by way of See also:Kilia, See also:Akkerman, See also:Lemberg, See also:Cracow, See also:Breslau and See also:Meissen After his return he became a See also:- CHAMBERLAIN (0. Fr. chamberlain, chamberlenc, Mod. Fr. chambellan, from O. H. Ger. Chamarling, Chamarlinc, whence also the Med. Lat. cambellanus, camerlingus, camerlengus; Ital. camerlingo; Span. camerlengo, compounded of 0. H. Ger. Chamara, Kamara [Lat.
- CHAMBERLAIN, JOSEPH (1836— )
- CHAMBERLAIN, JOSHUA LAWRENCE (1828– )
- CHAMBERLAIN, SIR NEVILLE BOWLES (1820-1902)
chamberlain of See also:Duke See also:Albert III., probably receiving this See also:appointment in the first instance before the duke's See also:accession in 1438.
Schiltberger's Reisebuch contains not only a See also:record of his own experiences and a See also:sketch of various chapters of contemporary Eastern See also:history, but also an See also:account of countries and their See also:manners and customs, especially of those countries which he had himself visited. First come the lands " this See also:side " of See also:Danube, where he had travelled; next follow those between the Danube and the See also:sea, which had now fallen under the Turk; after this, the Ottoman dominions in Asia; last come the more distant regions of Schiltberger's See also:world, from See also:Trebizond to Russia and from Egypt to See also:India. In this regional See also:geography the descriptions of See also:Brusa; of various west Caucasian and Armenian regions; of the regions around the See also:Caspian, and the habits of their peoples (especially the Red See also:Tatars) ; of Siberia; of the Crimea with its See also:great Genoese See also:colony at See also:Kaffa (where he once spent five months) ; and of Egypt and See also:Arabia, are particularly See also:worth See also:notice. His allusions to the See also:Catholic See also:missions still persisting in Armenia and in other regions beyond the Euxine, and to (non-See also:Roman ?) See also:Christian communities even in the Great Tatary of the See also:steppes are also remarkable. Schiltberger is perhaps the first writer of Western Christendom to give the true See also:burial See also:place of See also:Mahomet at See also:Medina: his sketches of See also:Islam and of Eastern Christendom, with all their shortcomings, are of remarkable merit for their time: and he may fairly be reckoned among the authors who contributed to See also:fix Prester See also:John, at the See also:close of the middle ages, in See also:Abyssinia. His See also:work, however, contains many inaccuracies; thus in reckoning the years of his service both with Bayezid and with Timur he unaccountably multiplies by two. His account of Timur and his See also:campaigns is misty, often incorrect, and sometimes fabulous: nor can von See also:Hammer's parallel between Marco See also:Polo and Schiltberger be sustained without large reservations.
Four See also:MSS. of the Reisebuch exist: (I) at Donaueschingen in the Fiirstenberg Library, No. 481; (2) at See also:Heidelberg, University Library, 216; (3) at See also:Nuremberg, See also:City Library, 34; (4) at St See also:Gall, Monast. Library, 628 (all of 15th See also:century, the last fragmentary). The work was first edited at See also:Augsburg, about 146o; four other See also:editions appeared in the 15th century, and six in the 16th; in the 19th the best were K. F. See also:Neumann's (Munich, 1859), P. Bruun's (See also:Odessa, 1866, with See also:Russian commentary, in the Records of the Imperial University of New Russia, vol. i.), and V. Langmantel's (See also:Tubingen, 1885); " Flans Schiltbergers Reisebuch," in the 172nd See also:volume of the Bibliothek desliterarischen Vereins in See also:Stuttgart. See also the See also:English (See also:Hakluyt Society) version, The Bondage and Travels of Johann Schiltberger ..., trans. by See also:Buchan Telfer with notes by P. Braun (See also:London, 1879); von Hammer, " Berechtigung d. orientalischen Namen Schiltbergers," in Denkschriften d. Konigl. Akad. d. Wissenschaften (vol. ix., Munich, 1823–1824) ; R. Rohricht, Bibliotheca geographica Palaestinae (See also:Berlin, 189o, pp. 103-104); C. R. Beazley, See also:Dawn of Modern Geography, iii. 356-378, 55o, 555.
(C. R.
End of Article: SCHILTBERGER, JOHANN
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