Online Encyclopedia

Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.

DESBOROUGH, JOHN (16o8-168o)

Online Encyclopedia
Originally appearing in Volume V08, Page 79 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
Spread the word: del.icio.us del.icio.us it!

See also:

DESBOROUGH, See also:JOHN (16o8-168o) , See also:English soldier and politician, son of See also:James Desborough of Eltisley, See also:Cambridgeshire, and of See also:Elizabeth Hatley of Over, in the same See also:county, was baptized on the 13th of See also:November 16o8. He was educated for the See also:law. On the 23rd of See also:June 1636 he married Eltisley Jane, daughter of See also:Robert See also:Cromwell of See also:Huntingdon, and See also:sister of the future See also:Protector. He took an active See also:part in the See also:Civil See also:War when it See also:broke out, and showed considerable military ability. In 1645 he was See also:present as See also:major in the engagement at See also:Langport on the loth of See also:July, at Hambleton See also:Hill on the 4th of See also:August, and on the loth of See also:September he commanded the See also:horse at the storming of See also:Bristol. Later he took part in the operations See also:round See also:Oxford. In 1648 as See also:colonel he commanded the forces at See also:Great See also:Yarmouth. He avoided all participation in the trial of the See also:king in June 1649, being employed in the See also:settlement of the See also:west of See also:England. He fought at See also:Worcester as major-See also:general and nearly captured See also:Charles II. near See also:Salisbury. After the See also:establishment of the See also:Commonwealth he was chosen, on the 17th of See also:January 1652, a member of the See also:committee for legal reforms. In 1653 he became a member of the See also:Protectorate See also:council of See also:state, and a See also:commissioner of the See also:treasury, and was appointed one of the four generals at See also:sea and a commissioner for the See also:army and See also:navy. In 1654 he was made See also:constable of St Briavel's See also:Castle in See also:Gloucester-See also:shire.

Next See also:

year he was appointed major-general over the west. He had been nominated a member of Barebones' See also:parliament in 1653, and he was returned to the parliament of 1654 for Cambridgeshire, and to that of 1656 for See also:Somersetshire. In July 1657 he became a member of the privy council, and in 1658 he accepted a seat in Cromwell's See also:House of Lords. In spite of his near relationship to the Protector's See also:family, he was one of the most violent opponents of the See also:assumption by Cromwell of the royal See also:title, and after the Protector's See also:death, instead of supporting the interests and See also:government of his See also:nephew See also:Richard Cromwell, he was, with See also:Fleetwood, the See also:chief instigator and organizer of the hostility of the army towards his See also:administration, and forced him by threats and menaces to dissolve his parliament in See also:April 1659. He was chosen a member of the council of state by the restored Rump, and made colonel and See also:governor of See also:Plymouth, but presenting with other See also:officers a seditious See also:petition from the army council, on the 5th of See also:October, was about a See also:week later dismissed. After the See also:expulsion of the Rump by Fleetwood on the 13th of October he was chosen by the officers a member of the new administration and See also:commissary-general of the horse. The new military government, however, rested on no solid See also:foundation, and its leaders quickly found themselves without any See also:influence. Desborough himself became an See also:object of ridicule, his See also:regiment even revolted against him, and on the return of the Rump he was.ordered to quit See also:London. At the restoration he was excluded from the See also:act of See also:indemnity but not included in the clause of pains and penalties extending to See also:life and goods, being therefore only incapacitated from public employment. Soon afterwards he was arrested on suspicion of conspiring to kill the king and See also:queen, but was quickly liberated. Subsequently he escaped to See also:Holland, where he engaged in republican intrigues. Accordingly he was ordered See also:home, in April 1666, on See also:pain of incurring the See also:charge of See also:treason, and obeying was imprisoned in the See also:Tower till See also:February 1667, when he was examined before the council and set See also:free.

Desborough died in 1680. By his first wife, Cromwell's sister, he had one daughter and seven sons; he married a second wife in April 1658 whose name is unrecorded. Desborough was a See also:

good soldier and nothing more; and his only conception of government was by force and by the army. His rough See also:person and See also:manners are the See also:constant theme of ridicule in the royalist See also:ballads, and he is caricatured in See also:Butler's Hudibras and in the See also:Parable of the See also:Lion and See also:Fox.

End of Article: DESBOROUGH, JOHN (16o8-168o)

Additional information and Comments

There are no comments yet for this article.
» Add information or comments to this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.

Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.

[back]
DESAULT, PIERRE JOSEPH (1744-1795)
[next]
DESCARTES, RENE (1596-1650)