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JAMES HAMILTON

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Originally appearing in Volume V02, Page 644 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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JAMES See also:HAMILTON , 3rd See also:earl (c. 1537-1609), was styled earl of See also:Arran after the creation of his See also:father as See also:duke of Chatelherault in 1549; the latter See also:title did not descend to him, having been resumed by the See also:French See also:crown. His father's ambition destined him for the See also:hand of See also:Mary See also:queen of Scots, and his See also:union with the princess See also:Elizabeth was proposed by See also:Henry VIII. as the See also:price of his father's adherence to the See also:English See also:interest. He was See also:early involved in the See also:political troubles in which See also:Scotland was then immersed. In 1546 he was seized as a See also:hostage at St See also:Andrews by the murderers of See also:Cardinal See also:Beaton and released in 1547. In 1550 he went to See also:France, was given the command of the Scots See also:guards, and in 1557 distinguished himself in the See also:defence of St Quentin. He became a strong adherent of the reformed See also:doctrine. His See also:arrest was ordered by Henry II. in 1559, Mary (probably in consequence of his projected union with Elizabeth which would have raised the Hamiltons higher than the Stuarts) declaring her wish that he should be " used as an See also:arrant traitor." He, however, escaped to See also:Geneva and then to See also:England, and had an interview with Elizabeth in See also:August. He returned to Scotland in See also:September, where he supported his father's adherence to the lords of the See also:Congregation against Mary of See also:Lorraine, upheld the See also:alliance with Elizabeth, and became one of the leaders of the See also:Protestant party in the subsequent fighting, in particular organizing, together with See also:Lord James See also:Stuart (afterwards earl of See also:Murray), in 1560, a stubborn resistance to the French at See also:Dysart, and saving See also:Fife. In See also:November 1559 he had declined See also:Bothwell's See also:challenge to single combat. Subsequently he signed the treaty of See also:Berwick, became one of the lords of the Congregation, and was appointed a visitor for the destruction of the religious houses. The same See also:year proposals were again made for his See also:marriage with Elizabeth, which were rejected by the latter in 1561; and subsequently after the See also:death of See also:Francis II.

(in See also:

December 1560), he became, with the strong support of the Protestants and Hamiltons, a suitor for Mary, also without success. He was chosen a member of her See also:council on her arrival in Scotland in 156r, but took up a hostile attitude to the See also:court in consequence of the practice of the See also:Roman See also:Catholic See also:religion. He now showed marked signs of See also:insanity, and was confined in See also:Edinburgh See also:Castle, where he remained till May 1566. He had then lost the See also:power of speech, and from 1568 he lived in retirement with his See also:mother at Craignethan Castle, while his estates were administered by his See also:brother See also:John, afterwards 1st See also:marquess of Hamilton. In 1579, at the See also:time of the fresh See also:prosecution of the Hamiltons, when the helpless Arran was also included in the See also:attainder of his See also:brothers and his titles forfeited, the castle was besieged on the pretence of delivering him from unlawful confinement, and Arran and his mother were brought to See also:Linlithgow, while the See also:charge of his estates was taken over by the See also:government. In 158o James See also:Stewart (see below) was appointed his See also:guardian, and in 1581 acquired the earldom; but his title and estates were restored after Stewart's disgrace in 1586, when the See also:forfeiture was repealed. Arran died unmarried in See also:March 16og, the title devolving on his See also:nephew James, 2nd marquess of Hamilton.

End of Article: JAMES HAMILTON

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