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SALVATION ARMY

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Originally appearing in Volume V24, Page 102 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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SALVATION See also:

ARMY , a religious philanthropic organization founded by See also:William See also:Booth (q.v.), who in 1865 began to hold meetings for See also:preaching in the streetg in See also:London and in tents, See also:music halls, theatres and other hired buildings. Large See also:numbers attended, many of whom had never entered a See also:place of See also:worship, and presently an organized society was formed called " The See also:Christian See also:Mission." Booth was assisted by his wife, See also:Catherine Booth, a woman of remarkable gifts, who won for the new See also:movement the sympathy of many among the cultured classes. In 1878 the Mission, which had spread beyond London, was reorganized on a quasi-military basis, and the See also:title of " The Salvation Army " was definitely adopted in See also:June 1880. The See also:local See also:societies became " See also:Corps," and their evangelists " See also:Field See also:Officers," with Booth as " See also:General " of the whole See also:body. The spiritual operations of the Army at once rapidly See also:expanded in spite of much disorderly opposition in some places. In 1878 there were 75 corps and 120 officers the See also:United See also:Kingdom, the amount contributed by the outside public being £1925. Since then the number of corps and officers has greatly increased. Very large numbers who have " professed See also:conversion " are reported annually. No figures of membership, however, are published. In See also:doctrine, the Army is in See also:harmony with the See also:main principles of the evangelical bodies, " as embodied in the three See also:creeds of the See also:Church." Its preaching is See also:practical and See also:direct, asseverating the reality of See also:Sin, " the See also:everlasting See also:punishment of the wicked," and Redemption. The Army proclaims the supreme See also:duty of self-See also:sacrifice for the See also:sake of the salvation of others. The Army is under the See also:control of the General for the See also:time being, who issues all orders and regulations.

Large See also:

powers devolve upon other officers, such as the " See also:Chief of the See also:Staff," the " See also:Foreign Secretary," and the " See also:Chancellor," who direct affairs from the " See also:International Headquarters " in London. The See also:system of See also:government is autocratic, " unquestioning obedience " being required throughout all ranks. The Army is divided, usually in harmony with See also:national boundaries, into " territories," each under a " See also:Commissioner," with headquarters in the See also:capital of the See also:country. The Territories are generally divided into " Provinces " and these again into " Divisions," which include a number of corps, each supporting its own " See also:Captain " and " See also:Lieutenant." The " soldiers " or members are See also:drawn from all classes of the community. The See also:property of the Army in the United Kingdom is held by the General for the time being, for the benefit of the Army exclusively, he being constituted the See also:sole trustee of the property, in the disposal of which and in the See also:appointment of his successor he is placed under the government of a See also:deed See also:poll, executed by Booth while the body was still known as " The Christian Mission," and enrolled in the See also:Court of See also:Chancery in See also:August 1878. In other countries various modifications have been necessary, but the General's ultimate control has been practically assured. A further deed poll providing for the removal of a General in the contingency of " See also:mental incapacity " or other " unfitness," and for the See also:election of a successor, was executed by Booth in See also:July 1904. Funds are raised from the voluntary offerings of the corps, from open-See also:air and other collections, from See also:friends interested in evangelical and charitable See also:work, and from the profits on publications and general trading. The See also:financial statements of the various national headquarters funds are annually published, certified by public See also:accountants, in each country. In 1909 the general income and See also:expenditure See also:account of International See also:Head-quarters in London dealt with a See also:total of £64,345. Details of the aggregate income raised in the United Kingdom by the corps are not published. The See also:annual Self-Denial offering (See also:Great See also:Britain) was £12,663 in 1888, £72,562 in 1906 and £69,034 in 191o.

The value of the See also:

assets of the spiritual work in the United Kingdom increased from £J58,992 in 1891 to £1,357,706 in 1909, the liabilities on account of loans upon See also:mortgage and otherwise amounting at the latter date to £662,235. The assets of the See also:Trade Departments were valued at £110,657 in 1909. See also:Statistics of Spiritual Operations (Compiled from the " S.A. See also:Year See also:Book, 19ro "). Corps and Officers Outposts. and Cadets. The See also:British Isles . . 1447 3,1911 The United States 871 2,983 See also:South See also:America and See also:West Indies 128 188 See also:Canada and See also:Newfoundland . 465 950 See also:Australasia and See also:Java . 1283 1,721 See also:India, See also:Ceylon, See also:Japan and See also:Korea 2584 1,626 South See also:Africa and St See also:Helena . 113 278 See also:France, See also:Belgium, See also:Switzerland and 374 499 See also:Italy . See also:Germany and See also:Holland 248 772 See also:Sweden, See also:Norway, See also:Finland , See also:Denmark 1067 1,513 and See also:Iceland See also:Gibraltar and See also:Malta. 2 5 Total .

8582 13,726 Employees (without See also:

rank), 6269. 1 Officers and employees (British Isles), 7538. Booth's See also:scheme for Social See also:Relief, described in In Darkest See also:England, and the Way Out (189o), attracted wide-spread See also:interest,and was started with subscriptions amounting to over £See also:Ioo,000. A See also:separate deed poll, making the General sole trustee, was executed by Booth in regard to the property and funds of this See also:branch of work. Since then, both in Great Britain and abroad, the scheme has been actively carried on. The amount received in the year ending 30th See also:September 1909 for cheap See also:food and lodging in the United Kingdom was returned at £42,022 for the men's work, and £6417 for the See also:women's. Large numbers of unemployed, ex-criminal and other needy persons have been aided or dealt with. In the year ending 30th September 1909, the number of persons received into the " See also:elevators " or factories was reported as 6425, of women and girls received into See also:rescue homes as 2559. The See also:farm See also:colony at See also:Hadleigh in See also:Essex has a large acreage under cultivation, with See also:fruit and See also:market gardens and various See also:industrial undertakings. The See also:emigration See also:department, although a development of the Darkest England Scheme, has no connexion with the rescue work; in 1907 the passage See also:money received amounted to £85,014, and in 1909 to £38,179. An " See also:anti-See also:suicide See also:bureau " was opened in 1907, and at Boxted, near See also:Colchester, a scheme for Small Holdings has been initiated. In 1909 the value of the property held under the Darkest England Scheme in the United Kingdom was returned at £329,645, and the income of the central fund at £50,594.

See also:

Summary of Social Operations throughout the See also:World (Compiled from the " S.A. Year-Book, 5970 "). There are a number of subsidiary branches of work, such as the See also:Young See also:People's See also:Legion, and the See also:Naval and Military See also:League for work among men in the military, naval and See also:merchant services. In England there is a See also:bank (the Reliance Bank, Ltd.) and a See also:Life Assurance Society, the funds of the latter amounting to £566,309 in 1909. All officers and many of the rank and See also:file See also:wear a See also:uniform. Music is universally employed. While the organization has succeeded in securing recognition and favour in high places both in England and abroad, it has been seriously criticized at times, notably by See also:Huxley and others in 189o-1891, and more recently by J. See also:Manson in The Salvation Army and the Public, a work which led to much public discussion of the Army's religious, social and financial operations and methods. In 1910 some resignations took place among the higher officials. AUTHORITIEs.—William Booth, Orders and Regulations for Soldiers; Orders and Regulations for Field Officers; Orders and Regulations for Staff Officers; Salvation Soldiery; Interview with W. E. See also:Gladstone; In Darkest England and the Way Out (1890); See also:Bramwell Booth, Social Reparation; Servants of All (1899) ; Booth-See also:Tucker, The Life of Catherine Booth (1892) ; Railton, See also:Heathen England; Twenty-one Years' Salvation Army; See also:Arnold See also:White, Truth about the Salvation Army (1892, 1900 and 1906); The Great See also:Idea (1909; 2nd ed., 1910); T.

F. G. Coates, The Life See also:

Story of General Booth (2nd ed., 1906); Harold Begbie, Broken Earthenware (19o9); various reports and accounts; The See also:War Cry, The Social See also:Gazette, The Salvation Army Year Book, &c. See also:Criticism; See also:Thomas H. Huxley, " Social Diseases and Worse, Remedies " in Collected Essays, vol. ix. (1895); See also:John Number of Institutions. United Total Kingdom. Abroad. Total. Accommo- dation. Men's Work 31 156 187 18,531 Shelters and Food Depots . Labour Bureaus .

8 5o 58 Labour Homes and Factories 28 117 145 4,936 Ex-criminal Homes . ..1 i8 18 486 Farm Colonies . 2 15 17 Women's Work 32 107 139 3,469 Rescue and Maternity Homes . Shelters and Food Depots 10 20 30 1,934 See also:

Children's Homes and Creches . 2 57 59 See also:Slum Posts 44 103 147 Other Social Institutions . . 17 87 104 Total Institutions . 174 730 904 29,356 Total number of officers engaged exclusively in social work, 252o. 1 In the United Kingdom ex-criminals are now received in the See also:ordinary labour homes and factories. Manson, The Salvation Army and the Public (1906; 3rd ed., 1908); Salvation Army Headquarters, A Calumny Refuted : A Reply to the Unfounded Charges of Sweating, &c. (19o8); United Workers' Anti-Sweating See also:Committee, Salvation Army Sweating: A Reply to the Mis-statements of General Booth and his Officials (1908; 2nd ed., 1910); Reports of the Trades See also:Union See also:Congress (1907 to 1910).

End of Article: SALVATION ARMY

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