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AMES, WILLIAM (1576–1633)

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Originally appearing in Volume V01, Page 851 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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AMES, See also:WILLIAM (1576–1633) , See also:English Puritan divine, better known, especially in See also:Europe, as Amesius, was See also:born of an See also:ancient See also:family at See also:Ipswich, See also:Suffolk, in 1576, and was educated at the See also:local See also:grammar school and at See also:Christ's See also:College, See also:Cambridge, where, as throughout his See also:life, he was an omnivorous student. He was considerably influenced by his See also:tutor, the celebrated William See also:Perkins, and by his successor, a See also:man of kindred See also:intellect and fervour, See also:Paul Bayne. He graduated B.A. and M.A. in due course, and was chosen to a fellowship in Christ's College. He was universally beloved in the university. His own college (Christ's) would have chosen him for the mastership; but a party opposition led to the See also:election of See also:Valentine See also:Cary, who had already quarrelled with Ames for disapproving of the See also:surplice and other outward symbols. One of Ames's sermons became See also:historical in the Puritan controversies. It was delivered on St See also:Thomas's See also:day (1609) before the feast of Christ's nativity, and in it he rebuked sharply " lusory lotts " and the " heathenish debauchery " of the students during the twelye days ensuing. The scathing vehemence of his denunciations led to his being summoned before the See also:vice-See also:chancellor, who suspended him " from the exercise of his ecclesiastical See also:function and from all degrees taken or to be taken," After Cary's election he See also:left the university and would have accepted the See also:great See also:church of See also:Colchester, but the See also:bishop of See also:London refused to See also:grant institution and See also:induction. Like persecution awaited him elsewhere, and at last he passed over to See also:Holland, being aided by certain wealthy English merchants who wished him to controvert the supporters of the English church in See also:Leiden. At See also:Rotterdam, clad in the fisherman's See also:habit donned for the passage, he opposed Grevinchovius (See also:Nicholas Grevinckhoven, d. 1632), See also:minister of the Arminian or Remonstrant church, and overwhelmed him with his logical reasoning from Phil. ii. 13, " It is See also:God that worketh in us both to will and to do." The fisherman-controversialist made a great stir, and from that day became known and honoured in the See also:Low Countries.

Subsequently Ames entered into A. controversy in See also:

print with Grevinchovius on universal redemption and election, and cognate problems. He brought together all he had maintained in his Coronis ad Collationem Hagiensem—his most masterful See also:book, which figures largely in Dutch church See also:history. At Leiden, Ames became intimate with the See also:venerable Mr See also:Goodyear, pastor of the English church there. While thus See also:resident in See also:comparative privacy he was sent for to the See also:Hague by See also:Sir Horatio See also:Vere, the English See also:governor of See also:Brill, who appointed him a minister in the See also:army of the states-See also:general, and of the English soldiers in their service, a See also:post held by some of the greatest of See also:England's exiled Puritans. He married a daughter of Dr See also:Burgess, who was Vere's See also:chaplain, and, on his See also:father-in-See also:law's return to England, succeeded to his See also:place. It was at this See also:time he began his memorable controversy with See also:Episcopius, who, in attacking the Coronis, railed against the author as having been " a disturber of the public See also:peace in his native See also:country, so that the English magistrates had banished him thence; and now, by his See also:late printed Coronis, he was raising new disturbances in the peaceable See also:Netherlands." It was a miserable See also:libel and was at once rebutted by Goodyear. The Coronis had been primarily prepared for the See also:synod of See also:Dort, which sat from See also:November 1618 until May 1619. At this celebrated synod the position of Ames was a See also:peculiar one. The High Church party in England had induced Vere to dismiss him from the chaplaincy; but he was still held, deservedly, in such reverence, that it was arranged he should attend the synod, and accordingly he was retained by the Calvinist party at four florins a day to See also:watch the, proceedings on their behalf and advise them when necessary. A proposal to make him See also:principal of a theological college at Leiden was frustrated by See also:Archbishop See also:Abbot; and when later invited by the See also:state of See also:Friesland to a professoriate at See also:Franeker; the opposition was renewed, but this time abortively. He was installed at Franeker on the 7th of May 1622, and delivered a most learned discourse on the occasion on " Urim and Thummin." He soon brought renown to Franeker as See also:professor, preacher, pastor and theological writer. He prepared his Medulla Theologiae, a See also:manual of Calvinistic See also:doctrine, for his students.

His De Conscientia, ejus Jure et Casibus (1632), an See also:

attempt to bring See also:Christian See also:ethics into clear relation with particular cases of conduct and of See also:conscience, was a new thing in Protestantism.' Having continued twelve years at Franeker (where he was See also:rector in 1626), his See also:health gave way, and he contemplated removal to New England. But another See also:door was opened for him. He yearned for more frequent opportunities of See also:preaching to his See also:fellow-countrymen, and an invitation to Rotterdam gave him such opportunity. His See also:friends at Franeker were passionately opposed to the transference, but ultimately acquiesced. At Rotterdam he See also:drew all See also:hearts to him by his eloquence and fervour in the See also:pulpit, and his irrepressible activity as a pastor. See also:Home-controversy engaged him again, and he prepared his Fresh Suit against Ceremonies—the book which made See also:Richard See also:Baxter a See also:Nonconformist. It ably sums up the issues between the Puritan school and that of See also:Hooker. It was posthumously published. He did not See also:long survive his removal to Rotterdam. Having caught a See also:cold from a See also:flood which inundated his See also:house, he died in November 1633, at the See also:age of fifty-seven, apparently in needy circumstances. He left, by a second wife, a son and a daughter. His valuable library found a home in New England.

Few Englishmen have exercised so formative and controlling an See also:

influence on See also:European thought and See also:opinion as Ames. He was a See also:master in theological controversy, shunning not to See also:cross swords with the formidable See also:Bellarmine. He was a See also:scholar among scholars, being furnished with extraordinary resources of learning. His See also:works, which even the Biographia Britannica (1778) testifies were famous over Europe, were collected at See also:Amsterdam in 5 vols. 4to. Only a very small proportion was translated into his See also:mother See also:tongue. His Lectiones in omnes Psalmos Davidis (1635) is exceedingly suggestive and terse in its See also:style, reminding of See also:Bengel's See also:Gnomon, as does also his Commentaries utriusque Epist. S. Petri. His " Replies " to Bishop See also:Morton and Dr Burgess on " Ceremonies " tell us that even kinship could not prevent him from " contending earnestly for the faith." See See also:John See also:Quick's MS. Icones Sacrae Anglicanae, which gives the fisherman See also:anecdote on the See also:personal authority of one who was See also:present ; Life by Nethenus prefixed to collected edition of Latin works (5 vols., Amsterdam, x658); Winwood's Memorials, vol. iii. PP.

346—347; See also:

Neal's Puritans, i. 532; See also:Fuller's Cambridge (Christ's College) ; Hanbury's Hist. Memorials, i. 533; Collections of the See also:Massachusetts Historical Society, vol. vi., See also:fourth See also:series, 1863, PP. 576-577.

End of Article: AMES, WILLIAM (1576–1633)

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