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BRITISH NORTH BORNEO OR

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Originally appearing in Volume V04, Page 264 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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BRITISH See also:NORTH See also:BORNEO OR SABAH Sabah is the name applied by the natives to certain portions of the territory situated on the north-western See also:coast of the See also:island, and originally in no way included the See also:remainder of the See also:country now owned by the British North Borneo See also:Company. It has become customary, however, for the name to be used by Europeans in Borneo to denote the whole of the company's territory, and little by little the more educated natives are insensibly adopting the practice. Hislory.—As has been seen, the British connexion with north-ern and north-western Borneo terminated with the 18th See also:century, nor was it resumed until 1838, when See also:Raja See also:Brooke set out for See also:Brunei and See also:Sarawak. The island of See also:Labuan (q.v.) was occupied by the British as a See also:crown See also:colony in 1848, and this may be taken as the starting-point of renewed British relations with that portion of See also:northern Borneo which is situated to the north of Brunei. In 1872 the Labuan Trading Company was established in Sandakan, the See also:fine See also:harbour on the northern coast which was subsequently the See also:capital of the North Borneo Company's territory. In 1878, through the instrumentality of Mr (after-wards See also:Sir) See also:Alfred Dent, the See also:sultan of Sulu was induced to See also:transfer to a See also:syndicate, formed by See also:Baron See also:Overbeck and Mr Dent, all his rights in North Borneo, of which, as has been seen, he had been from See also:time immemorial the overlord. The See also:chief promoters of this syndicate were Sir See also:Rutherford See also:Alcock, See also:Admiral the Hon. Sir Harry See also:Keppel, who at an earlier See also:stage of his career had rendered See also:great assistance to the first raja of Sarawak in the suppression of piracy, and Mr See also:Richard B. See also:Martin. See also:Early in 1881 the British North Borneo Provisional Association, Limited, was formed to take over the concession which had been obtained from the sultan of Sulu, and in See also:November of that See also:year a See also:petition was addressed to See also:Queen See also:Victoria praying for a royal See also:charter. This was granted, and subsequently the British North Borneo Company, which was formed in May 1882, took over, in spite of some See also:diplomatic protests on the See also:part of the Dutch and See also:Spanish governments, all the See also:sovereign and territorial rights ceded by the See also:original grants, and proceeded under its charter to organize the See also:administration of the territory. The company subsequently acquired further sovereign and territorial rights from the sultan of Brunei and his chiefs in addition to some which had already been obtained at the time of the formation of the company.

The Putatan See also:

river was ceded in May 1884, the Padas See also:district, including the Padas and Kalias See also:rivers, in November of the same year, the Kawang river in See also:February 1885, and the Mantanani islands in See also:April 1885. In 1888, by an agreement with the " See also:State of North Borneo," the territory of the company was made a British See also:protectorate, but its administration remained entirely in the hands of the company, the crown reserving only See also:control of its See also:foreign relations, and the See also:appointment of its See also:governors being required to receive the formal See also:sanction of the secretary of state for the colonies. In 1890 the British See also:government placed the colony of Labuan under the administration of the company, the See also:governor of the state of North Borneo thereafter holding a royal See also:commission as governor of Labuan in addition to his commission from the company. This arrangement held See also:good until 1905, when, in See also:answer to the frequently and strongly expressed See also:desire of the colonists, Labuan was removed from the See also:jurisdiction of the company and attached to the colony of the Straits Settlements. In See also:March 1898 arrangements were made whereby the sultan of Brunei ceded to the company all his sovereign and territorial rights to the districts situated to the north of the Padas river which up to that time had been retained by him. This had the effect of rounding off the company's territories, and had the additional See also:advantage of doing away with the various no-See also:man's lands which had See also:long been used by the discontented among the natives as so many Caves of See also:Adullam. The company's acquisition of territory was viewed with considerable dissatisfaction by many of the natives, and this found expression in frequent acts of violence. The most noted and the most successful of the native leaders was a Bajau named See also:Mat Saleh (See also:Mahomet Saleh), who for many years defied the company, whose policy in his regard was marked by considerable weakness and vacillation. In 1898 a See also:composition was made with him, the terms of which were unfortunately not defined with sufficient clearness, and he retired into the Tambunan country, to the See also:east of the range which runs parallel with the See also:west coast, where for a See also:period he lorded it unchecked over the Dusun tribes of the valley. In 1899 it was found necessary to expel him, since his acts of aggression and See also:defiance were no longer endurable. A See also:short, and this time a successful See also:campaign followed, resulting, on the 31st of See also:January 1900, in the See also:death of Mat Saleh, and the destruction of his defences. Some of his followers who escaped raided the See also:town of Kudat on Marudu See also:Bay in April of the same year, but caused more panic than damage, and little by little during the next years the last smouldering embers of See also:rebellion were extinguished.

At the See also:

present time, though effective administration of the more inaccessible districts of the interior cannot be said to have been established even yet, the pacification of the native See also:population is to all intents and purposes See also:complete. The Tambunan district, the last stronghold of Mat Saleh, is now thoroughly settled. It is some 500 sq. m. in extent, and carries a population of perhaps 12,000. See also:Geography.—The state of North Borneo may roughly be said to See also:form a pentagon of which three sides, the north-west, north-east and east are washed by the See also:sea, while the remaining two sides, the See also:south-west and the south, are bordered respectively by the Malayan sultanate of Brunei, and by the territories of the raja of Sarawak and of the Dutch government. The boundary between the company's territory and the Dutch government is defined by the treaty concluded in See also:June 1891, of which mention has already been made. The See also:total See also:area of the company's territory is estimated at about 31,000 sq. in., with a coast-See also:line of over goo in. The greater portion is exceedingly hilly and in parts mountainous, and the interior consists almost entirely of See also:highlands with here and there open valleys and plateaus of 50 to 6o sq. in. in extent. On the west coast the See also:mountain range, as already noted, runs parallel with the seashore at a distance from it of about 15 in. Of this range the central feature is the mountain of Kinabalu, which is composed of porphyritic See also:granite and igneous rocks and attains to a height of 13,698 ft. See also:Mount Madalon, some 15 or 20 in. to the north, is 5000 ft. in height, and inland across the valley of the Pagalan river, which runs through the Tambunan country and falls into the Padas, rises the See also:peak of Trus See also:Madi, estimated to be 11,o00 ft. above sea-level. The valley of the Pagalan is itself for the most part from l000 to 2000 ft. above the sea, forming a See also:string of small plateaus marking the sites of former lakes. From the See also:base of Trus Madi to the eastern coast the country consists of huddled hills broken here and there by regions of a more mountainous See also:character.

The See also:

principal plateaus are in the Tambunan and Kaningau valleys, in the See also:basin of the Pagalan, and the Ranau See also:plain to the eastward of the base of Kinabalu. Similar plateaus of See also:minor importance are to be found dotted about the interior. The proximity of the mountain range to the seashore causes the rivers of the west coast, with the single exception of the Padas, to be rapid, See also:boulder-obstructed, shallow streams of little value as means of communication for a distance of more than See also:half a dozen See also:miles from their mouths. The Padas is navigable for See also:light-See also:draught See also:steam-launches and native boats for a distance of nearly 50 in. from its mouth, and smaller See also:craft can be punted up as far as Rayoh, some 15 M. farther, but at this point its See also:bed is obstructed by impassable falls and rapids, which are of such a character that nothing can even be brought down them. Even below Rayoh See also:navigation is rendered difficult and occasionally dangerous by similar obstructions. The other principal rivers of the west coast are the Kalias, Kimanis, Benoneh, Papar, Kinarut, Putatan, Inaman, Mengkabong, Tampasuk and Pandasan, none of which, however, is of any great importance as a means of communication. There is a stout breed of See also:pony raised along the Tampasuk, which is also noted for the Kalupis See also:waterfall (1500 ft.), one of the highest in the See also:world, though the See also:volume of See also:water is not great. Here also are the principal Bajau settlements. Throughout the Malayan See also:Archipelago the words Bajau and perompak (pirate) are still used as synonymous terms. At the northern extremity of the island Marudu Bay receives the See also:waters of the Marudu which rises on the western See also:side of Mount Madalon. On the east coast the principal rivers are the Sugut, which rises in the hills to the east of Kinabalu and forms its See also:delta near Torongohok or Pura-Pura Island; the Labuk, which has its See also:sources 70 M. inland and debouches into Labuk Bay; and the Kinabatangan, the largest and most important river in the territory, which is believed to have its rise eastward of the range of which Trus Madi is the principal feature, and is navigable by steamer for a considerable distance and by native boats for a distance of over too m. from its mouth. Some valuable See also:tobacco See also:land, which, however, is somewhat liable to See also:flood, and some remarkable See also:burial-caves are found in the valley of the Kinabatangan.

The remaining rivers of the east coast are the Segamah, which rises west of Darvel Bay, the Kumpong, and the Kalabakang, which debouches into Cowie Harbour. Taking it as a whole, the company's territory is much less generously watered than are other parts of Borneo, which again compares unfavourably in this respect with the Malayan states of the See also:

peninsula. Many of the rivers, especially those of the west coast, are obstructed by bars at their mouths that render them difficult of See also:access. Several of the natural harbours of North Borneo, on the other See also:hand, are accessible, safe and commodious. Sandakan Harbour, on the north-east See also:toast (5° 40' N., 118° ro' E.), runs inland for some 17 M. With a very irregular outline broken by the mouths of numerous creeks and streams. The mouth, only 2 M. across, is split into two channels by the little, high, See also:bluff-like island of Barhala. The See also:depth in the See also:main entrance varies from ro to 17 fathoms, and vessels See also:drawing 20 ft. can advance half-way up the bay. The principal town in the territory, and the seat of government (though an See also:attempt has been unsuccessfully made to transfer this to Jesselton on the west coast), is Sandakan, situated just inside the mouth of the Sarwaka inlet. At Silam, on Darvel Bay, there is good anchorage; and Kudat in Marudu Bay, first surveyed by See also:Commander See also:Johnstone of H.M.S. " p;..geria " in 1881, is a small but useful harbour. See also:Climate and Population.—The climate of North Borneo is tropical, hot, See also:damp and enervating.

The rainfall is steady and not usually excessive. The shade temperature at Sandakan ordinarily ranges from 72° to 94° F. The population of the company's territory is not known with any approach to accuracy, but is estimated, somewhat liberally, to amount to 175,000, including i6,000 See also:

Chinese. Of this total about three-fourths are found in the districts of the west coast. The seashore and the country bordering closely on the west coast are inhabited chiefly by Dusuns, by Kadayans, by Bajaus and Ilanuns—both Malayan tribes—and by Brunei See also:Malays. The east coast is very sparsely populated and its inhabitants are mostly Bajaus and settlers from the neighbouring Sulu archipelago. The interior is dotted with infrequent villages inhabited by Dusuns or by Muruts, a See also:village ordinarily consisting of a single long hut divided up into cubicles, one for the use of each See also:family, opening out on to a See also:common See also:verandah along which the skulls captured by the tribe are festooned. It has been customary to speak of these tribes as belonging to the Dyak See also:group, but the Muruts would certainly seem to be the representatives of the aboriginal inhabitants of the island, and there is much See also:reason to think that the Dusuns also must be classed as distinct from the See also:Dyaks. The Dusun See also:language, it is interesting to See also:note, presents very curious grammatical complications and refinements such as are not to be found among the See also:tongues spoken by any of the other peoples of the Malayan Archipelago or the mainland of south-eastern See also:Asia. Dusuns and Muruts alike are in a very See also:low state of See also:civilization, and both indulge inordinately in the use of intoxicating liquors of their own manufacture. Settlements and Communication.—The company possesses a number of small stations along the coast, of which Sandakan,with a population of 9500, is the most important. The remainder which See also:call for See also:separate mention are Lahat Datu on Darvel Bay on the east coast; Kudat on Marudu Bay and Jesselton on Gaya Bay on the west coast.

A railway of indifferent construction runs along the west coast from Jesselton to See also:

Weston on Brunei Bay, with a See also:branch along the See also:banks of the Padas to Tenom above the rapids. It was originally intended that this should eventually be extended across the territory to Cowie Harbour (Sabuko Bay) on the east coast, but the extraordinary See also:engineering difficulties which oppose themselves to such an See also:extension, the sparse population of the territory, and the failure of the existing line to justify the expectations entertained by its designers, combine to render the See also:prosecution of any such project highly improbable. Sandakan is connected by See also:telegraph with Mempakul on the west coast whence a See also:cable runs to Labuan and so gives telegraphic communication with See also:Singapore. The overland line from Mempakul to Sandakan, however, passes through See also:forest-clad and very difficult country, and telegraphic communication is therefore subject to very frequent interruption. Telegraphic communication between Mempakul and Kudat, via Jesselton, has also been established and is more regularly and successfully maintained. The only roads in the territory are bridle-paths in the immediate vicinity of the company's principal stations. The Sabah Steam-See also:ship Company, subsidized by the Chartered Company, runs steamers along the coast, calling at all the company's stations at which native produce is accumulated. A See also:German See also:firm runs vessels at approximately bi-monthly intervals from Singapore to Labuan and thence to Sandakan, calling in on occasion at Jesselton and Kudat en route. There is also fairly frequent communication between Sandakan and Hong-See also:Kong, a See also:journey of four days' steaming. Products and See also:Trade.—The capabilities of the company's territory are only dimly known. See also:Coal has been found in the neighbourhood of Cowie Harbour and elsewhere, but though its quality is believed to be as good as that exported from Dutch Borneo, it is not yet known whether it exists in payable quantities. See also:Gold has been found in alluvial deposits on the banks of some of the rivers of the east coast, but here again the quantity available is still in serious doubt.

The territory as a whole has been very imperfectly examined by geologists, and no See also:

opinion can at present be hazarded as to the See also:mineral See also:wealth or poverty of the company's See also:property. Traces of mineral oil, See also:iron ores, See also:copper, See also:zinc and See also:antimony have been found, but the wealth of North Borneo still lies mainly in its See also:jungle produce. It possesses a great profusion of excellent See also:timber, but the difficulty of extraction has so far restricted the See also:lumber See also:industry within somewhat modest limits. See also:Gutta, See also:rubber, rattans, See also:mangrove-bark, edible nuts, See also:guano, edible birds'-nests, &c., are all valuable articles of export. The principal cultivated produce is tobacco, See also:sago, cocoanuts, See also:coffee, See also:pepper, See also:gambier and See also:sugar-canes. Of these the tobacco and the sago are the most important. Between 1886 and r900 the value of the tobacco See also:crop increased from £471 to £200,000. As is common throughout Malayan lands, the trade of North Borneo is largely in the hands of Chinese shopkeepers who send their agents inland to attend the Tamus (See also:Malay, temu, to meet) or fairs, which are the recognized scenes of See also:barter between the natives of the interior and those of the coast. At Sandakan there is a Chinese population of over 2000. Administration.—For administrative purposes the territory is divided into nine provinces: Alcock and Dewhurst in the north; Keppel on the west; Martin in the centre; Myburgh, See also:Mayne and See also:Elphinstone on the east coast; and Dent and Cunliffe in the south. The boundaries of these provinces, how-ever, are purely arbitrary and not accurately defined. The form of government is modelled roughly upon the See also:system adopted in the Malay States of the peninsula during the early days of their administration by British residents.

The government is vested primarily in the See also:

court of See also:directors appointed under the company's charter, which may be compared to the colonial See also:office in its relation to a British colony, though the court of directors interests itself far more closely than does the colonial See also:department in the smaller details of See also:local administration. The supreme authority on the spot is represented by the governor, under whom are the residents of Kudat, Darvel Bay and Keppel, See also:officers who occupy much the same position as that usually known by the See also:title of See also:magistrate and See also:collector. The less important districts are administered by district magistrates, who also collect the taxes. The principal departments, whose chiefs reside at the capital, are the See also:treasury, the land and survey, the public See also:works, the constabulary, the medical and the judicial. The secretariat is under the See also:charge of a government secretary who ranks next in See also:precedence to the governor. Legislation is . by the See also:proclamation of the governor, but there is a See also:council, See also:meeting at irregular intervals, upon which the principal heads of departments and one unofficial member have seats. The public service is recruited by nomination by the court of directors. The governor is the chief See also:judge of the court of See also:appeal, but a judge who is subordinate to him takes all See also:ordinary supreme court cases. The See also:laws are the See also:Indian Penal and See also:Civil See also:Procedure Codes and See also:Evidence Acts, supplemented by a few local laws promulgated by proclamation. There is an See also:Imam's court for the trial of cases affecting See also:Mahommedan See also:law of See also:marriage, See also:succession, &c. The native chiefs are responsible to the government for the preservation of law and See also:order in their districts. They have restricted judicial See also:powers.

The constabulary See also:

numbers some 600 men and consists of a mixed force of Sikhs, Pathans, Punjabi Mahommedans, Dyaks and Malays, officered by a few Europeans. There is a See also:Protestant See also:mission which supports a church—the only See also:stone See also:building in the territory—and a school at Sandakan, with branches at Kudat, Kaningau and Tambunan. The See also:Roman See also:Catholic mission maintains an orphanage, a See also:church and school at Sandakan, and has See also:missions among the Dusuns at several points on the west coast and in the Tambunan country. Its See also:head-quarters are at Kuching in Sarawak. The Chinese have their See also:joss-houses and the Mahommedans a few small mosques, but the vast See also:majority of the native inhabitants are pagans who have no buildings set apart for religious purposes. See also:Finance and See also:Money.—The principal sources of See also:revenue are the licences granted for the importation and retailing of See also:opium, See also:wine and See also:spirits, which are in the hands of Chinese; a customs See also:duty of 5 % on imports; an export tax of 5 % on jungle produce; a See also:poll-tax sanctioned by See also:ancient native See also:custom; and a See also:stamp duty. A land revenue is derived from the See also:sale of government lands, from quit rents and fees of transfer, &c. Judicial fees bring in a small amount, and the issue and sale of See also:postage and revenue stamps have proved a fruitful source of income. The See also:people of the country are by no means heavily taxed, a large number of the natives of the interior escaping all See also:payment of dues to the company, the revenue being for the most part contributed by the more civilized members of the community residing in the neighbourhood of the company's stations. There are See also:bank agencies in Sandakan, and the company does banking business when required. The state, which has adopted the See also:penny postage, is in the Postal See also:Union, and money orders on North Borneo are issued in the See also:United See also:Kingdom and in most British colonies and See also:vice versa. Notes issued by the principal banks in Singapore were made current in North Borneo in 1900.

There is also a government note issue issued by the company for use within the territory only. The currency is the Mexican and British See also:

dollar, the company issuing its own copper coin—viz. cents and half cents. It is proposed to adopt the coinage of the Straits Settlements, and See also:measures have been taken with a view to the accomplishment of this. In the interior the principal See also:medium of See also:exchange among the natives is the large earthenware jars, imported originally, it is believed, from See also:China, which form the chief wealth both of tribes and individuals. (H. CL.) maert, Discours ende ghelegentheyt See also:van het eylandt Borneo int Jear 16oq; Hachelyke reystogt van See also:Jacob Jansz. de See also:Roy na Borneo en Atchin in het jaar 1691; Beeckman, Visit to Borneo, 1718, in J. See also:Pinkerton's See also:General Collections (1808–1814); F. Valentijn in Ond en Nieuw Oost Indian (See also:Dordrecht, 1724–1726). See also H. Keppel, Expedition to Borneo of H.M.S. " See also:Dido " (See also:London, 1846) ; R. Mundy, Narrative of Events in Borneo and See also:Celebes (London, 1848) ; F.

S. See also:

Marryat, Borneo, &c. (1848) ; P. J. Veth, Borneo's Westerafdeeling (Zalt-Bommel, 1854 and 1856) ; S. See also:Muller, Reizen en onderzoekingen in den Indischen Archipel (See also:Amsterdam, 1857); C. Bock, Head-hunters of Borneo (London, 1881), and Reis in Oost en Zuid-Borneo (The See also:Hague, 1887) ; J. See also:Hatton, The New See also:Ceylon, a See also:Sketch of British North Borneo (London, 1882) ; F. Hatton, North Borneo (London, 1885) ; T. Posewitz, Borneo . . . Verbreitung der nutzbaren Mineralien (See also:Berlin, 1889), Eng. trans., Borneo; its See also:Geology and Mineral Resources (London, 1892); See also:Whitehead, Exploration of Mount Kini Balu (London, 1893) ; Mrs W.

B. See also:

Pryor, A See also:Decade in Borneo (London, 1894) ; H. See also:Ling See also:Roth, The Natives of Sarawak and North Borneo (London, 1896) ; G. A. F. Molengraaf, Geologische Verkinningstochten in Centraal Borneo (See also:Leiden, 1900, Eng. trans. 1902) ; A. W. Niewenhuis, In Centraal Borneo (Leiden, 1901), and Quer durch Borneo (Leiden, 1904), &c.; W. H. See also:Furness, See also:Home See also:Life of Borneo Head-hunters (London, 1902) ; O. Beccari, Nelle Foreste di Borneo (See also:Florence, 1902), Eng. trans., Wanderings in the Great Forests of Borneo (London, 1904) ; D.

Cator, Everyday Life among the Head-hunters (London, 1905). For geology, besides the works of Posewitz and Molengraaf already cited, see R. B. See also:

Newton in Geol. Mag., 1897, pp. 407-415, and Proc. Malac. See also:Soc., London, vol. v. (1902–1903), pp. 403-409. A See also:series of papers on the palaeontology of the island will be found in the several volumes of the Samml. Geol.

R. See also:

Mus., Leiden.

End of Article: BRITISH NORTH BORNEO OR

Additional information and Comments

THE 1878 NORTH-BORNEO "LEASE" (PADJAK) AGREEMENT & THE WORD'S TERM "THE HEIRS AND SUCCESSORS" USING IN THAT AGREEMENT. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- If we read thru "The 1878 North-Borneo "Lease" (Padjak) Agreement or sometimes called as "The Deeds of 1878", we could see the using of word's term as "The Heirs AND Successors" (NOT as "The heirs OR Successors) were used 4 times in that agreement. (The matter were issued by Prof. Dr. Nicholas Tarling, in his book's "Sulu And Sabah", page: 329) Why Sultan Jamalul-Azam @ A'lam and his Cabinets were used that kind of word's term? The such word's term were used by Sultan Jamalul-Azam @ A'lam and his cabinets, because; 1. To "Limited" the claimants over the North-Borneo right in future. Meant, that only "The Heirs" (*Among the 3 branches of the Sulu Sultanate royal families, Kiram, Shakiraullah & The Maharajah Adinda families) could have right to do a claims over the North-Borneo territories. AND in the same time, that "THE HEIRS" (Among the 3 branches) CAN BE PROCLAIM AS "THE SULTAN OF SULU" by following "THE SULU SULTANATE PROTOCOL SYSTEM OR CALLED "TARTIB") TO BE "THE SUCCESSORS" to the Sulu Sultanate kingdom. 2. Sultan Jamalul-Azam @ A'lam, have a "Wish or Desire" that in future he want that one of the Sulu Sultanate royal families should inherit the "Sulu Throne". -We tried to "Flashback" the story before Sultan Jamalul Azam @ A'lam became "Sultan of Sulu". After the death of Sultan Pulalon @ Muhd Fadhl in 1862, the Sulu throne was given to his "Relative's Uncle" "from The Maharajah Adinda Families", Datu Aranan/Adanan Puyo ibni HRH Raja Muda Bantilan @ Raja Muda Badaruddin ibni Sultan Azimuddin @ Alimuddin-II ibni Sultan Bantilan Muizzuddin ibni Sultan Badaruddin-I, which then taken a name as "MAHARAJAH ADINDA SULTAN MOHAMMAD ARANAN/ADANAN PUYO". This Maharajah Adinda Sultan Mohammad Aranan/Adanan Puyo, sat at the Sulu throne just for a week only. He abdicated himself from the Sulu throne because of "Old and lack of wealth". Then there were emerged "2 strong Rivals" to the Sulu throne. One is Datu Jamalul-Azam @ A'lam ibni Sultan Pulalon and one is Datu Daniel (The Amir Bahar of Sulu). Anyway, by the "Strong Supports" of the Maharajah Adinda Sultan Mohammad Aranan/Adanan Puyo to Datu Jamalul-Azam/A'lam, And by consideration over the "Sulu Sultanate Protocol Syatem or Tartib" (*Which from the Tartib mentioned, that after the Maharajah Adinda families, the Sulu throne should move to either son's of Kiram or son's of Shakiraullah Sultan). Then by these 2 factors, then Datu Jamalul-Azam @ A'lam was finally succeeded to proclaimed as "The Sultan of Sulu". So, as compensation to his "Relative Grandfather's" (Maharajah Adinda Sultan Mohammad Aranan/Adanan Puyo) of his kindness, Sultan Jamalul-Azam/A'lam really have intent or wish, that in future "The Maharajah Adinda Families" must can inherit the Sulu throne & proclaimed as 'The Sultan of Sulu". Then, by the death of Sultan Badaruddin-II without "Male Heir's", supposedly on that time the Sulu throne must be given back to the Maharajah Adinda families. Unfortunately, the throne given to Sultan Jamalul-Kiram-II (Still in Kiram line). And by the death of Sultan Jamalul-Kiram-II in 1936, also without "Male Heir's", AND on that time the Kiram & Shakiraullah families were enjoyed the Sulu throne for a very long perion (1862-1936), then totally the Sulu throne MUST BE given to the Maharajah Adinda families. Anyway, since the death of Sultan Jamalul-Kiram-II in 1936, there was no one of the Maharajah Adinda families came-out to proceed their claim over the Sulu Sultanate. Since then, continuosly the Sulu throne occupied by Kiram & Shakiraullah families till present. And by the strong forced of the Sulu claimants from Kiram Families, such as "Dayang-Dayang Hjh Piandao and 8 more others", forced Judge C.F.C Makaskie of North-Borneo to issued one "Autority Letter's" to "The 9-Heirs" as a right claimants to the North-Borneo territory in 1939. Judge C.F.C Makaskie also we "Failed" to identified or recognised "The Sulu Sultanate Royal Families" (Kiram, Shakiraullah & The Maharajah Adinda Families as symbolized as "Keris, Barung & Spear on the Sulu Sultanate flag's). And he also failed to understand "The Sulu Sultanate Protocol System or Tartib of Sulu Sultanate", That the Sulu throne should "Rotate" among the 3 Sulu Sultanate royal families. Based on the Sulu Sultanate Protocol System or Tartib of Sulu Sultanate, "The 9-Heirs" were NOT COMPATIBLED OR MATCH with the 1878 North-Borneo Leasing Agreement, which used the word's term as "THE HEIRS AND SUCCESSORS". Dayang-Dayang Hjh Piandao & 5 more "Females" claimants just can or maybe can "Accepted" as "THE HEIRS" But they all could not be "Accepted" as "THE SUCCESSORS" because they all "Females" which could not entitled to proclaimed as "The Sultan of Sulu" (Followed the Islamic Sultanate Laws). Sultan Esmail-Kiram-I & Datu Punjunggan-Kiram (Kiram Families) just can or maybe can "Accepted" also as "THE HEIRS" but they still could not to be "Accepted" as "THE SUCCESSORS" to the Sulu Sultanate, because if following the Sulu Sultanate Protocol System, the Sulu throne should belongs to the Maharajah Adinda Families since the death of Sultan Badaruddin-I & Sultan Jamalul-Kiram-II. It's mean, the Kiram & Shakiraullah families right over the Sulu Sultanate kingdom since that time were "Abolished". Unfortunately, they still "Denied" the Sulu Sultanate Protocol System even till the present day. All their acts actuallly "Against" our Ancestor's Protocol System (The Tartib). So in conclusion, these "The 9-Heirs" should not have right to make a claim over the North-Borneo. And they should not "Entitled" to recieved any payment of the North-Borneo leasing Payment. Due to, by following the Sulu Sultanate Protocol System, that the Sulu throne MUST BE belongs to THE MAHARAJAH ADINDA FAMILIES,(Because this families is really belongs to the Sulu Sultanate royal families, accepted as "THE HEIRS" AND in the SAME time can be entitled to sit on the Sulu throne by following "The Sulu Sultanate Protocol System or Tartib" as "THE SUCCESSORS" to the Sulu Sultanate kingdom. In conclusion, THE MAHARAJAH ADINDA FAMILIES is "THE HEIRS AND SUCCESSORS" to the Sulu Sultanate and totally have fully RIGHT over the North-Borneo. And the heir's of the Maharajah Adinda families which entitled to proclaim as "The Real Sultan of Sulu And North-Borneo" is; HIS HIGHNESS SULTAN ALIUDDIN @ HADDIS PABILA IBNI HRH.DATU MOHAMMAD SHEIKH/SIE/SEH/SY IBNI MAHARAJAH ADINDA SULTAN MOHAMMAD ARANAN/ADANAN PUYO IBNI HRH.PADUKA RAJA MUDA DATU BANTILAN @ RAJA MUDA BADARUDDIN IBNI SULTAN AZIMUDDIN @ ALIMUDDIN-II IBNI SULTAN BANTILAN MUIZZUDDIN IBNI SULTAN BADARUDDIN-I IBNI SULTAN SALAHUDDIN-KARAMAT @ PANGERAN BAKHTIAR IBNI *SULTAN MAWALIL-WASIT-i @ RAJA BONGSU-I IBNI HIS MAJESTY SULTAN HASSAN (The 9th Sultan of Brunei). AND THE REAL SULU CROWN-PRINCE IS; HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS RAJA BONGSU-II IBNI HIS HIGHNESS SULTAN ALIUDDIN @ HADDIS PABILA. *Sultan Mawalil-Wasit @ Raja Bongsu-I, indeed was the son's of Sultan Hassan of Brunei. The proof's is by the existance of "The Sulu Sultanate Royal symbol's called THE PULAU JANGGI or SEPONG JANGGI", which this symbol's was MANDATED just to kept by THE MAHARAJAH ADINDA FAMILIES, NOT by Kiram or Shakiraullah families. Need more infos, please visit to THE MAHARAJAH ADINDA FAMILIES Weblog Website at: http://the-sulu-sultanate-royal-families.blogspot.com Any enquires, please send e-mail to: [email protected] Thanks. DATU LAJAMURA -Special Advisor to HRH Raja Bongsu-II (The Crown-Prince), And acting "Informations Officer's" to the Maharajah Adinda Families.
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