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GAINSBOROUGH

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Originally appearing in Volume V11, Page 390 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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GAINSBOROUGH , a See also:

market See also:town in the W. See also:Lindsey or Gainsborough See also:parliamentary See also:division of See also:Lincolnshire, See also:England; on the right (E.) See also:bank of the See also:Trent. Pop. of See also:urban See also:district (1901) 17,660. It is served by the See also:Lincoln-See also:Doncaster See also:joint See also:line of the See also:Great See also:Northern and Great Eastern See also:railways, by which it is 16 m. N.W. of Lincoln, and by the Great Central railway. The See also:parish See also:church of All See also:Saints is classic of the 18th See also:century, excepting the Perpendicular See also:tower. The two other parish churches are See also:modern. The Old See also:Hall, of the 5th century, enlarged in the 16th, is a picturesque See also:building, forming three sides of a quadrangle, partially See also:timber-framed, but having a beautiful See also:oriel window and other parts of See also:stone. There is also a Tudor tower of See also:brick. A See also:literary and scientific See also:institute occupy See also:part of the building. Gainsborough possesses a See also:grammar school (founded in 1589 by a See also:charter of See also:Queen See also:Elizabeth) and other See also:schools, town-hall, See also:county See also:court-See also:house, See also:Albert Hall and Church of England Institute. There is a large carrying See also:trade by See also:water on the Trent and neighbouring canals.

See also:

Shipbuilding and See also:iron-See also:founding are carried on, and there are manufactures of See also:linseed cake, and agricultural and other machinery. Gainsborough (Gegnesburh) was probably inhabited by the See also:Saxons on See also:account of the fishing in the Trent. The Saxon See also:Chronicle states that in 1013 the Danish See also:king Sweyn landed here and subjugated the inhabitants. Gainsborough, though not a chartered See also:borough, was probably one by See also:prescription, for mention is made of burghal See also:tenure in 1280. The See also:privilege of the return of writs was conferred on the See also:lord of the See also:manor, See also:Aymer de See also:Valence, See also:earl of See also:Pembroke, in 1323, and confirmed to See also:Ralph de See also:Percy in 1383. Mention is made in 1204 of a Wednesday market, but there is no extant See also:grant before 1258, when See also:Henry III. granted a Tuesday market to See also:William de Valence, earl of Pembroke, who also obtained from See also:Edward I. in 1291 See also:licence for an See also:annual See also:fair on All Saints' See also:Day, and the seven preceding and eight following days. In 1143 Henry III. granted to See also:John See also:Talbot licence for a yearly fair on the See also:eve, day and morrow of St See also:James the Apostle. Queen Elizabeth in 1592 granted to See also:Thomas Lord See also:Burgh two fairs, to begin on See also:Easter See also:Monday and on the 9th of See also:October, each lasting three days. See also:Charles I. in 1635–1636 extended the duration of each to nine days. The Tuesday market is still held, and the fair days are Tuesday and Wednesday in Easter-See also:week, and the Tuesday and Wednesday after the 20th of October. See See also:Adam See also:Stark, See also:History and Antiquities of Gainsburgh (See also:London, 1843).

End of Article: GAINSBOROUGH

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GAINSBOROUGH, THOMAS (1727-1788)