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See also:GOLDIE, See also:SIR See also:GEORGE DASHWOOD TAUBMAN (1846– ) , See also:English See also:administrator, the founder of See also:Nigeria, was See also:born on the loth of May 1846 at the Nunnery in the Isle of See also:Man, being the youngest son of Lieut.-See also:Colonel See also:John Taubman Goldie-Taubman, See also:speaker of the See also:House of Keys, by his second wife See also:Caroline, daughter of John E. Hoveden of Hemingford, See also:Cambridgeshire. Sir George resumed his paternal name, Goldie, by royal See also:licence in 1887. He was educated at the Royal Military See also:Academy, See also:Woolwich, and for about two years held a See also:commission in the Royal See also:Engineers. He travelled in all parts of See also:Africa, gaining an extensive knowledge of the See also:continent, and first visited the See also:country of the See also:Niger in 1877. He conceived the See also:idea of adding to the See also:British See also:empire the then little known regions of the See also:lower and See also:middle Niger, and for over twenty years his efforts were devoted to the realization of this conception. The method by which he determined to See also:work was the revival of See also:government by chartered companies within the empire—a method supposed to be buried with the See also:East See also:India See also:Company. The first step was to combine all British commercial interests in the Niger, and this he accomplished in 1879 when the See also:United See also:African Company was formed. In 1881 Goldie sought a See also:charter from the imperial government (the 2nd See also:Gladstone See also:ministry). Objections of various kinds were raised. To meet them the See also:capital of the company (renamed the See also:National African Company) was increased from £125,000 to 1,000,000, and See also:great See also:energy was displayed in See also:founding stations on the Niger. At this See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time See also:French traders, encouraged by See also:Gambetta, established themselves on the lower See also:river, thus rendering it difficult for the company to obtain territorial rights; but the Frenchmen were bought out in 1884, so that at the See also:Berlin See also:conference on See also:West Africa in 1885 Mr Goldie, See also:present as an See also:expert on matters See also:relating to the river, was able to announce that on the lower Niger the British See also:flag alone flew. Meantime the Niger See also:coast See also:line had been placed under British See also:protection. Through See also:Joseph See also:Thomson, See also:David McIntosh, D. W. See also:Sargent, J. See also:Flint, See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:Wallace, E. See also:Dangerfield and numerous other agents, over 400 See also:political See also:treaties—See also:drawn up by Goldie—were made with the chiefs of the lower Niger and the See also:Hausa states. The scruples of the British government being overcome, a charter was at length granted
(See also:July 1886), the National African Company becoming the Royal Niger Company, with See also:Lord See also:Aberdare as See also:governor and Goldie as See also:vice-governor. In 1895, on Lord Aberdare's See also:death, Goldie became governor of the company, whose destinies he had guided throughout.
The See also:building up of Nigeria as a British See also:state had to be carried on in See also:face of further difficulties raised by French travellers with political See also:missions, and also in face of See also:German opposition. From 1884 to 1890, See also:Prince See also:Bismarck was a persistent antagonist, and the strenuous efforts he made to secure for See also:Germany the See also:basin of the lower Niger and See also:Lake See also:Chad were even more dangerous to Goldie's schemes of empire than the ambitions of See also:France. Herr E. R. See also:Flegel, who had travelled in Nigeria during 1882-1884 under the auspices of the British company, was sent out in 1885 by the newly-formed German Colonial Society to secure treaties for Germany, which had established itself at Cameroon. After Flegel's death in 1886 his work was continued by his See also:companion Dr Staudinger, while Herr Hoenigsberg was despatched to stir up trouble in the occupied portions of the Company's territory,—or, as he expressed it, " to burst up the charter." He was finally arrested at Onitsha, and, after trial by the company's supreme See also:court at Asaba, was expelled the country. Prince Bismarck then sent out his See also:nephew, Herr von Puttkamer, as German See also:consul-See also:general to Nigeria, with orders to See also:report on this affair, and when this report was published in a See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
White See also:Book, Bismarck demanded heavy See also:damages from the company. Meanwhile Bismarck maintained See also:constant pressure on the British government to compel the Royal Niger Company to a See also:division of See also:spheres of See also:influence, where-by Great See also:Britain would have lost a third, and the most valuable See also:part, of the company's territory. But he See also:fell from See also:power in See also:March 1890, and in July following Lord See also:Salisbury concluded the famous " See also:Heligoland " agreement with Germany. After this event the aggressive See also:action of Germany in Nigeria entirely ceased, and the See also:door was opened for a final See also:settlement of the Nigeria-Cameroon frontiers. These negotiations, which resulted in an agreement in 1893, were initiated by Goldie as a means of arresting the advance of France into Nigeria from the direction of the See also:Congo. By conceding to Germany a See also:long but narrow See also:strip of territory between See also:Adamawa and Lake Chad, to which she had no treaty claims, a barrier was raised against French expeditions, semi-military and semi-exploratory, which sought to enter Nigeria from the east. Later French efforts at aggression were made from the western or Dahomeyan See also:side, despite an agreement concluded with France in 1890 respecting the See also:northern frontier.
The hostility of certain See also:Fula princes led the company to despatch, in 1897, an expedition against the See also:Mahommedan states of See also:Nupe and See also:Illorin. This expedition was organized and personally directed by Goldie and was completely successful. See also:Internal See also:peace was thus secured, but in the following See also:year the See also:differences with France in regard to the frontier line became acute, and compelled the intervention of the British government. In the negotiations which ensued Goldie was instrumental in preserving for Great Britain the whole of the navigable stretch of the lower Niger. It was, however, evidently impossible for a chartered company to hold its own against the state-supported protectorates of France and Germany, and in consequence, on the 1st of Januaty 1900, the Royal Niger Company transferred its territories to the British government for the sum of £865,000. The ceded territory together with the small Niger Coast See also:Protectorate, already under imperial See also:control, was formed into the two protectorates of northern and See also:southern Nigeria (see further NIGERIA).
In 1903-1904, at the See also:request of the Chartered Company of See also:South Africa, Goldie visited See also:Rhodesia and examined the situation in connexion with the agitation for self-government by the, Rhodesians. In 1902-1903 he was one of the royal commissioners who inquired into the military preparations for the See also:war in South Africa (1899-1902) and into the operations up to the occupation of See also:Pretoria, and in 1905-1906 was a member of the royal commission which investigated the methods of disposal of war stores after peace had been made. In 1905 he was elected See also:president of the Royal See also:Geographical Society and held that See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office for three years. •In 1908 he was chosen an See also:alderman of the See also:London See also:County
See also:Council. Goldie was created K.C.M.G. in 1887, and a privy councillor in 1898. He became an F.R.S., honorary D.C.L. of See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford University (1897) and honorary LL.D. of See also:Cambridge (1897). He married in 187o See also:Matilda See also:Catherine (d. 1898), daughter of John William See also:Elliott of See also:Wakefield.
End of Article: GOLDIE, SIR GEORGE DASHWOOD TAUBMAN (1846– )
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