|
See also:SANTIAGO DE See also:CUBA , a See also:city and seaport of Cuba, on the S. See also:coast of the E. end of the See also:island, See also:capital of the See also:province of See also:Oriente, and next to See also:Havana the most important city of the See also:Republic. Pop. (1907) 45,470, of whom 56.7% was coloured and 13.6% was See also:foreign-See also:born. It is connected by the Cuba railway with Havana, 54o m. to the W.N.W.; See also:short See also:railways extend into the interior through gaps in the mountains See also:north-See also:- WARD
- WARD, ADOLPHUS WILLIAM (1837- )
- WARD, ARTEMUS
- WARD, EDWARD MATTHEW (1816-1879)
- WARD, ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS (1844-1911)
- WARD, JAMES (1769--1859)
- WARD, JAMES (1843– )
- WARD, JOHN QUINCY ADAMS (1830-1910)
- WARD, LESTER FRANK (1841– )
- WARD, MARY AUGUSTA [MRS HUMPHRY WARD]
- WARD, WILLIAM (1766-1826)
- WARD, WILLIAM GEORGE (1812-1882)
ward; and there are steamer connexions with other Cuban ports and with New See also:York and See also:Europe.
Santiago is situated about 6 m. inland on a magnificent See also:land-locked See also:bay (6 m. See also:long and 3 M. wide), connected with the Caribbean See also:Sea by a long, narrow, winding channel with rocky escarpment walls, in places less than 200 yds. apart. The largest vessels have ready entrance to the See also:harbour—which has a periphery of 15 M. or more in length—but See also:direct See also:access to the wharves is impossible for those of more than moderate draft (about 14 ft.). See also:- SMITH
- SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
- SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
- SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
- SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
- SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
- SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
- SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
- SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
- SMITH, G
- SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
- SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
- SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
- SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
- SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
- SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
- SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
- SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
- SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
- SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
- SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
- SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
- SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
- SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
- SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
- SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
- SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
- SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
- SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
- SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
- SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)
Smith See also:Key, an island used as a watering-See also:place, divides it into an See also:outer and an inner See also:basin. To the E. of the sea portal stand the Morro, a picturesque fort (built 16J3 seq.), on a jutting point 200 ft. above the See also:water, and the Estrella; and to the W. the Socapa. See also:West of the harbour are See also:low hills, to the E. precipitous cliffs, and N. and N.E., below the superb background of the Sierra Maestra, is an See also:amphitheatre of hills, over which the city straggles in tortuous streets. The houses are almost all of one See also:storey, built in the See also:quaint See also:style of See also:southern See also:Spain, with red-See also:tile See also:roofs, and the better ones with verandas and See also:court gardens. There is a See also:promenade along the harbour and a botanical See also:garden. Facing the Plaza de See also:Cespedes .(once Plaza de la Reina and then Plaza de Armas) are hotels and clubs, the large municipal See also:building—formerly the See also:governor's See also:palace (1855 seq.)—and the See also:cathedral. In the cathedral, which is in better See also:taste than the cathedral of Havana, Diego See also:Velazquez (c. 1460-1524), conqueror of Cuba, was buried. It has suffered much from earthquakes and has been extensively repaired. Probably the See also:oldest building in Cuba is the See also:convent of See also:Sari Francisco (a See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church since the secularization of the religious orders in 1841), which See also:dates in See also:part from the first See also:half of the 16th See also:century. The 18th-century Filarmonia See also:theatre is'now dilapidated. The other public buildings are hardly noteworthy. See also:Great improvements have been made in the city since the end of colonial See also:rule, especially as regards the streets, the water-See also:supply and other public See also:works, and sanitation. On a See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
hill overlooking the city is a beautiful school-See also:house of native See also:limestone, erected by the See also:American military See also:government as a See also:model for the See also:rest of the island. Santiago is the hottest city of Cuba (mean temperature in See also:winter
about 82° F., in summer about 88°), owing mainly to the mountains that shut off the breezes from the E. There is superb See also:mountain scenery on the roads to El Caney and See also:San Luis (pop. 1907, 3441), in the thickly populated valley of the Cauto. In the barren mountainous See also:country surrounding the city are valuable mines of See also:iron, See also:copper and See also:manganese. On these the prosperity of the province largely depends. There are also foundries, See also:soap-works, tan-yards and See also:cigar factories. The city has an important See also:trade with the interior, with other Cuban ports, and to a less extent with New York and See also:European ports. See also:Mineral ores, See also:tobacco and cigars, See also:coffee, cacao, See also:sugar and See also:rum and See also:cabinet-See also:woods are the See also:main articles of export. Copper ore was once exported in as great quantities as 25,000 tons annually, but the best days of the mines were in the See also:middle of the 19th century. The mines of Cobre, a few See also:miles W. of Santiago, have an interesting See also:history. They were first worked for the government by slaves, which were freed in 1799.
History.—Santiago is less important politically under the Republic than it was when Cuba was a See also:Spanish dependency. The place was founded in 1514 by Diego Velazquez, and the capital of the island was removed thither from See also:Baracoa. Its splendid bay, and easy communication with the capital of Santo Domingo, then the seat of government of the Indies, determined its See also:original importance. From Santiago in 1518–1519 departed the historic expeditions of Juan de Grijalva, Hernan See also:Cortes and Pamfilo de See also:Narvaez—the last of 18 vessels and rtoo men of arms, excluding sailors. So important already was the city that its See also:ayuntamiento had the See also:powers of a Spanish city of the second class.
In 1522 it received the arms and See also:title of See also:ciudad, and its church was made the cathedral of the island (Baracoa losing the See also:honour). But before 1550 the drain of military expeditions to the See also:continent, the quarrels of See also:civil, military and ecclesiastical powers, and of citizens, and the See also:emigration of colonists to the Main (not in small part due to the abolition of the encomiendas of the See also:Indians), produced a fatal decadence. In 1589 Havana became the capital. Santiago was occupied and plundered by See also:French corsairs in 1553, and again by a See also:British military force from See also:Jamaica in 1662. The See also:capture of that island had caused an See also:immigration of Spanish refugees to Santiago that greatly in-creased its importance; and the illicit trade to the same island—mainly in hides and See also:cattle—that flourished from this See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time on-ward was a main prop of prosperity. From 1607 to 1826 the island was divided into two departments, with Santiago as the capital of the E. See also:department—under a governor who until 18o1 in See also:political matters received orders direct from the See also:crown. After 1826 Santiago was simply the capital of a province. In See also:July 1741 a British See also:squadron from Jamaica under See also:Admiral See also:Edward See also:Vernon and See also:General See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas See also:Wentworth landed at See also:Guantanamo (which they named See also:Cumberland Bay) and during four months operated unsuccessfully against Santiago. The See also:climate made great ravages among the British, who lost perhaps 2000 out of 5000 men. The bishopric became an archbishopric in 1788, when a See also:suffragan bishopric was established at Havana. J. B. Vaillant (governor in 1788–1796) and J. N. See also:Quintana (governor in 1796–1799) did much to improve the city and encourage literature. After the cession of Santo Domingo to See also:France, and after the French evacuation of that island, thousands of refugees settled in and about Santiago. They founded coffee and sugar plantations ' and gave a great impulse to trade. The See also:population in 1827 was about 27,000. There were destructive earthquakes in 1675, 1679, 1766 and 1852. Dr See also:Francesco Antommarchi (1780-1838), the physician who attended See also:Napoleon in his last illness, died in Santiago, and a monpment in the See also:cemetery commemorates his benefactions to the poor. In the 19th century some striking See also:historical events are associated with Santiago. One was the
Virginius " affair. The " Virginius " was a See also:blockade-runner in the Civil See also:War; it became a See also:prize of the Federal government, by which it was sold in 1870 to an American, J. F. Patterson, who immediately registered it in the New York See also:Custom House. It later appeared that Patterson was merely acting for a number of Cuban insurgents.
End of Article: SANTIAGO DE CUBA
Additional information and Comments
There are no comments yet for this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.
Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.
|
del.icio.us it!