|
See also:CHARLES X . (1757-1836), See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of See also:France from 1824 to 1830, was the See also:fourth See also:child of the dauphin, son of See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis XV. and of See also:Marie Josephe of See also:Saxony, and consequently See also:brother of Louis XVI. He was known before his See also:accession as Charles Philippe, See also:count of See also:Artois. At the See also:age of sixteen he married Marie Therese of See also:Savoy, See also:sister-in-See also:law of his brother, the count of See also:Provence (Louis XVIII.). His youth was passed in scandalous dissipation, which See also:drew upon himself and his coterie the detestation of the See also:people of See also:Paris. Although lacking military tastes, he joined the See also:French See also:army at the See also:siege of See also:Gibraltar in 1772, merely for See also:distraction. In a few years he had incurred a See also:debt of 56 million francs, a See also:burden assumed by the impoverished See also:state. See also:Prior to the Revolution he took only a See also:minor See also:part in politics, but when it See also:broke out he soon became, with the See also:queen, the See also:chief of the reactionary party at See also:court. In See also:July 1789 he See also:left France, became See also:leader of the emigres, and visited several of the courts of See also:Europe in the See also:interest of the royalist cause. After the See also:execution of Louis XVI: he received from his brother, the count of Provence, the See also:title of See also:lieutenant-See also:general of the See also:realm, and, on the See also:death of Louis XVII., that of " See also:Monsieur." In 1795 he attempted to aid the royalist rising of La See also:Vendee, landing at the See also:island of Yeu. But he refused to advance farther and to put himself resolutely at the See also:head of his party, although warmly acclaimed by it, and courage failing him, he returned to See also:England, settling first in See also:London, then in Holyrood See also:Palace at See also:Edinburgh and afterwards at Hartwell. There he remained until 1813, returning to France in See also:February 1814, and entering Paris in See also:April, in the track of the See also:Allies.
During the reign of his brother, Louis XVIII., he was the leader of the ultra-royalists, the party of extreme reaction. On succeeding to the See also:throne in See also:September 1824 the dignity of his address and his affable condescension won him a passing popularity. But his See also:coronation at See also:Reims, with all the gorgeous
ceremonial of the old regime, proclaimed his intention of ruling, as the Most See also:Christian King, by divine right. His first acts, indeed, allayed the worst alarms of the Liberals; but it was soon apparent that the See also:weight of the See also:crown would be consistently thrown into the See also:scale of the reactionary forces. The emigres were awarded a milliard as See also:compensation for their confiscated lands; and Gallicans and Liberals alike were offended by See also:measures which threw increased See also:power into the hands of the See also:Jesuits and Ultramontanes. In a few months there were disquieting signs of the growing unpopularity of the king. The royal princesses were insulted in the streets; and on the 29th of April 1825 Charles, when reviewing the See also:National Guard, was met with cries from the ranks of " Down with the ministers ! " His reply was, next See also:day, a See also:decree disbanding the See also:citizen army.
It was not till 1829, when the result of the elections had proved the futility of See also:Villele's policy of repression, that Charles consented unwillingly to try a policy of See also:compromise. It was, however, too See also:late. Villele's successor was the vicomte de See also:Martignac, who took See also:Decazes for his See also:model; and in the speech from the throne Charles declared that the happiness of France depended on " the sincere See also:union of the royal authority with the liberties consecrated by the See also:charter." But Charles had none of the See also:patience and See also:common-sense which had enabled Louis XVIII. to See also:play with decency the part of a constitutional king. " I would rather hew See also:wood," he exclaimed, " than be a king under the conditions of the king of England "; and when the Liberal opposition obstructed all the measures proposed by a See also:ministry not selected from the See also:parliamentary See also:majority, he lost patience. " I told you," he said, " that there was no coming to terms with these men." Martignac was dismissed; and See also:Prince Jules de See also:Polignac, the very incarnation of clericalism and reaction, was called to the helm of state.
The inevitable result was obvious to all the See also:world. " There is no such thing as See also:political experience," wrote See also:Wellington, certainly no friend of Liberalism; " with the warning of See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James II. before him, Charles X. was setting up a See also:government by priests, through priests, for priests." A formidable agitation sprang up in France, which only served to make the king more obstinate. In opening the session of 183o he declared that he would " find the power " to overcome the obstacles placed in his path by " culpable manoeuvres." The reply of the See also:chambers was a protest against " the unjust distrust of the sentiment and See also:reason of France "; whereupon they were first prorogued, and on the 16th of May dissolved. The result of the new elections was what might have been foreseen: a large increase in the Opposition; and Charles, on the See also:advice of his ministers, determined on a virtual suspension of the constitution. On the 25th of July were issued the famous " four ordinances " which were the immediate cause of the revolution that followed.
With singular fatuity Charles had taken no precautions in view of a violent outbreak. See also:Marshal See also:Marmont, who commanded the scattered troops in Paris, had received no orders, beyond a jesting command from the See also:duke of See also:Angouleme to See also:place them under arms " as some windows might be broken." At the beginning of the revolution Charles was at St See also:Cloud, whence on the See also:news of the fighting he withdrew first to See also:Versailles and then to See also:Rambouillet. So little did he understand the seriousness of the situation that, when the laconic See also:message " All is over!" was brought to him, he believed that the insurrection had been suppressed. On realizing the truth he hastily abdicated in favour of his See also:grand-son, the duke 'of See also:Bordeaux (See also:comte de See also:Chambord), and appointed Louis Philippe, duke of See also:- ORLEANS
- ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
- ORLEANS, DUKES OF
- ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
- ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
- ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
- ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
- ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
- ORLEANS, PHILIP I
- ORLEANS, PHILIP II
Orleans, lieutenant-general of the See also:kingdom (July 30th). But, on the news of Louis Philippe's See also:acceptance of the crown, he gave up the contest and began a dignified See also:retreat to the See also:sea-See also:coast, followed by his See also:suite, and surrounded by the See also:infantry, See also:cavalry and See also:artillery of the guard. Beyond sending a See also:corps of observation to follow his movements, the new government did nothing to See also:arrest his See also:- ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli
escape. At See also:Maintenon Charles took leave of the bulk of his troops, and proceeding with an escort of some 1200 men to See also:Cherbourg, took See also:ship there for England on the 16th of See also:August. For a See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time he returned to See also:Holy-See also:rood Palace at Edinburgh, which was again placed at his dis-posal. He died at Goritz, whither he had gone for his See also:health, on the 6th of See also:November 1836.
The best that can be said of Charles X. is that, if he did not know how to See also:rule, he knew how to cease to rule. The dignity of his exit was more worthy of the See also:ancient splendour of the royal See also:house of France than the theatrical humility of Louis Philippe's entrance. But Charles was an impossible monarch for the 19th See also:century, or perhaps for any other century. He was a typical See also:Bourbon, unable either to learn or to forget; and the closing years of his See also:life he spent in religious austerities, intended to expiate, not his failure to grasp a See also:great opportunity, but the comparatively venial excesses of his youth.'
See Achille de Vaulabelle, Chute de l'See also:empire: histoire See also:des deux restaurations (Paris, 1847–1857) ; Louis de Vielcaste!, Hist. de la restauration (Paris, 186o–1878); See also:Alphonse de Lamartine, Hist. de la restauration (Paris, 1851–1852) ; Louis See also:Blanc, Hist. de See also:dix ans, 1830–1840 (5 vols., 1842–1844) ; G. I. de Montbel, Derniere Epoque de l'hist. de Charles X (5th ed., Paris, 1840) ; See also:Theodore See also:Anne, Memoires, souvenirs, et anecdotes sur l'interieur du palais de Charles X et See also:les evenements de 1815 d 1830 (2 vols., Paris, 1831); ib., See also:Journal de See also:Saint-Cloud a Cherbourg; Vedrenne, See also:Vie de Charles X (3 vols., Paris, 1879) ; See also:Petit, Charles X (Paris, 1886) ; See also:Villeneuve, Charles X et Louis XIX en exil. Memoires inedits (Paris, 1889) ; Imbert de Saint-Amand, La Cour de Charles X (Paris, 1892).
End of Article: CHARLES X
Additional information and Comments
There are no comments yet for this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.
Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.
|
del.icio.us it!