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See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
PHILIP VI . (1293–1350), See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of See also:France, was the son of See also:Charles of See also:Valois, third son of Philip III., the Bold, and of See also:Margaret of See also:Sicily, and was thus the See also:nephew of Philip IV., the See also:Fair, whose sons, See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis X., Philip V. and Charles IV., died successively without leaving male heirs. He succeeded to the See also:throne on the See also:death of his See also:cousin, Charles IV., in 1328. Before his See also:accession Philip had enjoyed considerable See also:influence, for he was See also:count of Valois, See also:Anjou, See also:Maine, See also:Chartres and Alengon. He had married in 1313 Jeanne (d. 1348), daughter of See also:Robert II. of See also:Burgundy, a determined woman who was See also:long known as the real ruler of France. An expedition to See also:Italy in 1319–20 against Galeas See also:Visconti brought him little See also:glory; he was more successful in a small expedition to See also:Guienne, undertaken against a revolted See also:vassal who was supported by the See also:English.
When Charles IV. died, in See also:February 1328, his wife was See also:enceinte. and it became necessary to appoint a regency until the See also:birth of the See also:child, who would, if a son, succeed to the throne. At the See also:assembly of barons called to choose a See also:regent, See also:Edward III. of See also:England, the nephew and nearest male relation of Charles IV., put in a claim. Edward III., however, descended from the royal See also:house of France by his See also:mother See also:Isabel, and the barons, probably actuated by an objection to the regency of an English king, decided that neither a woman, " nor by consequence her son, could succeed to the See also:kingdom of France," and Philip of Valois, in spite of his belonging to a junior See also:branch of the See also:family, was elected regent. On the birth of a girl to the See also:queen widow the regency naturally led to the throne of France, and Philip was crowned at See also:Reims on the 29th of May 1328. See also:Navarre had not accepted the regency, that kingdom being claimed by her See also:husband for Jeanne, countess of See also:Evreux, the eldest daughter of Louis X., the count of Evreux himself being, like Philip of Valois, a See also:grandson of Philip the Bold. The new king secured the friendship of the count by allowing Jeanne's claim to Navarre, in return for a renunciation of any right to See also:Champagne. Edward III. of England, after more than one See also:citation, tendered verbal See also:homage for See also:part of Guienne at See also:Amiens in 1329, but he declined to See also:place his hands between those of Philip VI., and thus formally to acknowledge him as his See also:liege See also:lord. Two years later, however, he forwarded the See also:acknowledgment by letters patent. Mean-while Philip VI. had won a victory, which he turned into a See also:massacre, at See also:Cassel (See also:August 23, 1328) over See also:Bruges and the other towns of See also:West See also:Flanders, which under the leadership of See also:Jakob See also:van See also:Artevelde had thrown off the authority of their
count, Louis of See also:Nevers. The count of Flanders was reinstated, PHILIP (c. 1177–1208), See also:German king and See also:duke of See also:Swabia, the
and maintained his authority by a reign of terror. See also:rival of the See also:emperor See also:Otto IV., was the fifth and youngest son.
Much harm was done to Philip VL's authority by the See also:scandal arising out of the See also:prosecution of Robert of See also:Artois, count of See also:Beaumont, who was the king's See also:brother-in-See also:law. The count had presented to the See also:parlement of See also:Paris forged deeds in support of his claim to the See also:county of Artois, held by his aunt, Mahaut, countess of Burgundy. The sudden death of Mahaut, and of her daughter and heiress, Jeanne, widow of Philip V., See also:- LENT (0. Eng. lenclen, " spring," M. Eng. lenten, lente, lent; cf. Dut. lente, Ger. Lenz, " spring," 0. H. Ger. lenzin, lengizin, lenzo, probably from the same root as " long " and referring to " the lengthening days ")
lent See also:colour
an extensive See also:- GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
- GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
- GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
- GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
- GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
- GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
- GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
- GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
- GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
- GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
- GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
- GRANT, U
- GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)
grant of lands. In 1196 he became duke of Swabia, on the death of his brother See also:Conrad; and in May 1197 he married See also:Irene, daughter of the eastern emperor, See also:Isaac See also:Angelus, and widow of See also:Roger II., king of Sicily, a See also:lady who is described by See also:Walther von der Vogelweide as " the See also:rose without a See also:thorn, the See also:dove without guile." Philip enjoyed his brother's confidence to a very See also:great extent, and appears to have been designated as See also:guardian of the See also:young See also:Frederick, afterwards the emperor Frederick II., in See also:case of his See also:father's See also:early death. In 1197 he had set out to fetch Frederick from Sicily for his See also:coronation when he heard of the emperor.'s death and returned at once to See also:Germany. He appears to have desired to protect the interests of his nephew and to quell the disorder which arose on See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry's death, but events were too strong for him. The hostility to the kingship of a child was growing, and after Philip had been chosen as defender of the See also:empire during Frederick's minority he consented to his own See also:election. He was elected German king at See also:MUhlhausen on the 8th of See also:March 1198, and crowned at See also:Mainz on the 8th of See also:September following. Meanwhile a number of princes hostile to Philip, under the leadership of Adolph, See also:arch-See also:bishop of See also:Cologne, had elected an See also:anti-king in the See also:person of Otto, second son of Henry the See also:Lion, duke of See also:Saxony. In the See also:war that followed, Philip, who See also:drew his See also:principal support from See also:south Germany, met with considerable success. In 1199 he received further accessions to his party and carried the war into his opponent's territory, although unable to obtain the support of See also:Pope See also:Innocent III., and only feebly assisted by his ally Philip See also:Augustus, king of France. The following See also:year was less favourable to his arms; and in March 1201 Innocent took the decisive step of placing Philip and his associates under the See also:ban, and began to See also:work energetically in favour of Otto. The two succeeding years were still more unfavourable to Philip. Otto, aided by Ottakar I., king of Bohemia, and See also:Hermann I., See also:landgrave of Thuringia, drove him from See also:north Germany, thus compelling him to seek by abject concessions, but without success, reconciliation with Innocent. The submission to Philip of Hermann of Thuringia in 1204 marks the turning-point of his fortunes, and he was soon joined by Adolph of Cologne and Henry I., duke of See also:Brabant. On the 6th of See also:January 1205 he was crowned again with great ceremony by Adolph at See also:Aix-la-Chapelle, though it was not till 1207 that his entry into Cologne practically brought the war to a See also:close. A See also:month or two later Philip was loosed from the papal ban, and in March 1208 it seems probable that a treaty was concluded by which a nephew of the pope was to marry one of Philip's daughters and to receive the disputed dukedom of See also:Tuscany. Philip was preparing to crush the last flicker of the See also:rebellion in See also:Brunswick when he was murdered at See also:Bamberg, on the. 21st of See also:June 1208, by Otto of See also:Wittelsbach, count See also:palatine in See also:Bavaria, to whom h, had refused the See also:hand of one of his daughters. He See also:left no sons, but four daughters; one of whom, Beatrix, afterwards married his rival, the emperor Otto IV. Philip was a brave and handsome See also:man, and contemporary writers, among whom was Walther von der Vogelweide, praise his mildness and generosity.
See W. von See also:Giesebrecht, Geschichte der deutschen Kaiserzeit, Bd. V. (See also:Leipzig, 1888) ; E. See also:Winkelmann, Philipp von Schwaben and Otto IV. von Braunschweig (Leipzig, 1873–1878); 0. See also:Abel, See also:Konig Philipp der See also:Hohenstaufen (See also:Berlin, 1852) ; Regesta imperil. V., edited by J. Ficker (See also:Innsbruck, 1881); R. Schwemer, Innocenz III. and See also:die deutsche Kirche wahrend See also:des Thronstreites von 1198–1208 (See also:Strassburg, 1882) ; and R. Riant, Innocent III., Philippe de Souabe, et See also:Boniface de See also:Montferrat (Paris, 1875).
End of Article: PHILIP VI
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