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DALLAS, ALEXANDER JAMES (1759-1817)

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Originally appearing in Volume V07, Page 769 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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DALLAS, See also:ALEXANDER See also:JAMES (1759-1817) , See also:American statesman and financier, was See also:born on the See also:island of See also:Jamaica, See also:West Indies, on the 21st of See also:June 1759, the son of Dr See also:Robert C. Dallas (d. 1774), a Scottish physician then practising there. Dr Dallas soon returned to See also:England with his See also:family, and Alexander was educated at See also:Edinburgh and See also:Westminster. He studied See also:law for a See also:time in the Inner See also:Temple, and in 178o returned to Jamaica. There he met the younger See also:Lewis See also:Hallam (1738-18o8), a See also:pioneer American theatrical manager and actor, who induced him to remove to the See also:United States, and in 1783 he settled in See also:Philadelphia, where he at once took the See also:oath of See also:allegiance to the United States, was admitted to practise law in 1785, and rapidly attained a prominent position at the See also:bar. He was interested in the theatrical projects of Hallam, for whom he wrote several dramatic compositions, and from 1787 to 1789 he edited The' Columbian See also:Magazine. From 1791 to 1801 he was secretary of the See also:commonwealth of See also:Pennsylvania. Partly owing to his publication of an able pamphlet against the See also:Jay treaty in 1795, he soon acquired a position of much See also:influence in the Democratic-Republican party in the See also:state. During the See also:Whisky Insurrection he was paymaster-See also:general of the state See also:militia. His See also:official position as secretary did not entirely prevent him from continuing his private law practice, and, with Jared See also:Ingersoll, he was the counsel of Senator See also:William See also:Blount in his See also:impeachment trial. Dallas was United States See also:attorney for the eastern See also:district of Pennsylvania from 18or until 1814, a See also:period marked by See also:bitter struggles between the Democratic-Republican factions in the state, in which he took a leading See also:part in See also:alliance with See also:Governor See also:Thomas M'See also:Kean and See also:Albert See also:Gallatin, and in opposition to the See also:radical factions led by See also:Michael Leib (1759-1822) and William Duane (1760—1835), of the See also:Aurora.

The See also:

quarrel led in 18o5 to the M'Kean party seeking Federalist support. By such an alliance, largely due to the See also:political ingenuity of Dallas, M'Kean was re-elected. In See also:October 1814 See also:President See also:Madison appointed Dallas secretary of the See also:treasury, to succeed See also:George W. See also:Campbell (1768-1848), whose brief and disastrous See also:term had been marked by wholesale See also:bank suspensions, and an enormous depreciation of state and See also:national bank notes. The See also:appointment itself inspired confidence, and Dallas's prompt See also:measures still further relieved the situation. He first issued new See also:interest-bearing treasury notes of small denominations, and in addition proposed the re-See also:establishment of a national bank, by which means he expected to increase the stability and uniformity of the circulating See also:medium, and furnish the See also:government with a powerful See also:engine in the upholding of its See also:credit. In spite of his already onerous duties, Dallas, with characteristic See also:energy, served also as secretary of See also:war ad See also:interim from See also:March to See also:August 1815, and in this capacity successfully reorganized the See also:army on a See also:peace footing. Although peace brought a more favourable See also:condition of the See also:money See also:market, Dallas's See also:attempt to fund the treasury notes on a satisfactory basis was unsuccessful, but a See also:bill, reported by See also:Calhoun, as chairman of the See also:committee on national currency, for the establishment of a national bank, became law on the loth of See also:April 1816. Meanwhile (12th of See also:February 1816) Dallas, in a notable See also:report, recommended a protective See also:tariff, which was enacted See also:late in April, largely in accordance with his recommendation. Although Dallas, See also:left the See also:cabinet in October 1816, it was through his efforts that the new bank began its operations in the following See also:January, and specie payments were resumed in February. Dallas, who belonged to the See also:financial school of Albert Gallatin, deserves to See also:rank among See also:America's greatest financiers. He found the government bankrupt, and after two years at the See also:head of the treasury he left it with a surplus of $20,000,000; moreover, as See also:Henry See also:Adams points out, his measures had "fixed the financial See also:system in a See also:firm groove for twenty years." He retired from See also:office to resume his practice of the law, but the See also:burden of his official duties had undermined his See also:health, and he died suddenly at Philadelphia on the 16th of June 1817.

He was the author of several notable political See also:

pamphlets and state papers, and in addition edited The See also:Laws of Pennsylvania, r7oo-18or (18or), and Reports of Cases ruled and adjudged by the Courts of the United States and of Pennsylvania before and since the Revolution (4 vols., 1790-1807; new edition with notes by Thomas J. See also:Wharton, 1830). He wrote An Exposition of the Causes and See also:Character of the War of 1812-15 (1815), which was republished by government authority in New See also:York and See also:London and widely circulated. He left in MS. an unfinished See also:History of Pennsylvania. His See also:brother, ROBERT See also:CHARLES DALLAS (1754-1824), was born in Jamaica, and lived at various times in the West Indies, the United States, England and See also:France. He was an intimate friend of See also:Lord See also:Byron. He wrote Recollections of Lord Byron (1824), and several novels, plays and See also:miscellaneous See also:works. See G. M. Dallas, See also:Life and Writings of Alexander James Dallas (Philadelphia, 1871).

End of Article: DALLAS, ALEXANDER JAMES (1759-1817)

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