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HENRY FITZALAN

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Originally appearing in Volume V02, Page 707 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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HENRY FITZALAN , 12th See also:earl of See also:Arundel (c. 1517-1580), son of See also:William, 11th earl, by See also:Anne, daughter of Henry See also:Percy, 4th earl of See also:Northumberland, was See also:born about 1517. He entered See also:King Henry's See also:household, attending the latter to See also:Calais in 1532. In 1533 he was summoned to See also:parliament in his See also:father's See also:barony of Maltravers, and in 1J40 he was made See also:deputy of Calais, where his vigorous See also:administration was much praised. He returned to See also:England in See also:April 1 544 after the See also:death of his father, and was made a See also:knight of the Garter. In See also:July of the same See also:year he commanded with See also:Suffolk the See also:English expedition to See also:France as See also:lord See also:marshal, and besieged and took See also:Boulogne. On his return to England he was made lord See also:chamberlain, an See also:office which he retained after the See also:accession in 1547 of See also:Edward VI., at whose See also:coronation he acted as high See also:constable. He was one of the twelve counsellors nominated in Henry VIII. 's will to assist the executors, but he had little See also:power during the protectorship of See also:Somerset or the ascendancy of See also:Warwick (afterwards dukeof Northumberland), and in 155o by the latter's See also:device he was accused of See also:embezzlement, removed from the See also:council, confined to his See also:house, and fined L,See also:r2,000—8000 of this sum being afterwards remitted and the charges never being proved. Subsequently he allied himself with Somerset, and was implicated in 1551 in the latter's See also:plot against Northumberland, being imprisoned in the See also:Tower in See also:November. On the 3rd of See also:December 1552, though he had never been brought to trial, he signed a submission and See also:confession before the privy council, and was liberated after having been again heavily fined. As Edward's reign See also:drew to its See also:close, Arundel's support was desired by Northumberland to further his designs on the See also:throne for his See also:family, and he was accordingly reinstated in the council and discharged of his See also:fine.

In See also:

June 1553 he opposed Edward's " device " for the See also:succession, which passed over his sisters See also:Mary and See also:Elizabeth as illegitimate, and See also:left the See also:crown to the See also:children of the duchess of Suffolk, and alone of the council refused the " engagement " to support it, though he signed the letters patent. On the death of Edward (July 6, 1553) he ostensibly joined in furthering the See also:duke's plans, but secretly took See also:measures to destroy them, and according to some accounts sent a See also:letter to Mary the same evening informing her of Edward's death and advising her to See also:retreat to a See also:place of See also:security. Meanwhile he continued to attend the meetings of the council, signed the letter to Mary declaring her See also:illegitimacy and See also:Lady Jane See also:Grey's right to the throne, accompanied Northumberland to announce to Jane her accession, and urged Northumberland to leave See also:London and place himself at the See also:head of the forces to attack Mary, wishing him See also:God-See also:speed on his departure. In Northumberland's See also:absence, he gained over his See also:fellow-councillors, and having succeeded with them in getting out of the Tower, called an See also:assembly of the See also:corporation and See also:chief men of the See also:city, denounced Northumberland, and had Mary proclaimed See also:queen, subsequently See also:riding off to join her with the See also:Great See also:Seal at See also:Framlingham. On the loth of July he secured Northumberland at See also:Cambridge, and returned in See also:triumph with Mary to London on the 3rd of See also:August, riding before her with the See also:sword of See also:state. He was now made a privy councillor and lord steward, and was granted several favours and privileges, acting as high constable at the coronation, and obtaining the right to create sixty knights. He took a prominent See also:part in various public acts of the reign, was a See also:commissioner to treat for the queen's See also:marriage, presided at the trial of the duke of Suffolk, assisted • in suppressing See also:Wyatt's See also:rebellion in 1554, was despatched on See also:foreign See also:missions, and in See also:September 1555 accompanied See also:Philip to See also:Brussels. The same year he received, together with other persons, a See also:charter under the name of the See also:Merchant Adventurers of England, for the See also:discovery of unknown lands, and was made high steward of See also:Oxford University, being chosen See also:chancellor in 1559, but resigning his office in the same year. In 1557, on the prospect of the See also:war with France, he was appointed See also:lieutenant-See also:general of the forces for the See also:defence of the See also:country, and in 1558 attended the See also:conference at the See also:abbey of Cercamp for the negotiation of a See also:peace. He returned to England on the death of Mary in November 1558, and is described to Philip II. at that See also:time as " going about in high See also:glee, very See also:smart " and with hopes of marrying the queen, but as " flighty " and of " small ability." He was reinstated in all his offices by Elizabeth, served as high707 constable at her coronation, and was visited several times by the queen at Nonsuch in See also:Surrey. As a See also:Roman See also:Catholic he violently opposed the See also:arrest of his co-religionists and the war with See also:Scotland, and in 156o came to blows with Lord See also:Clinton in the queen's presence on a dispute arising on those questions. He incurred the queen's displeasure in 1562 by holding a See also:meeting at his house during her illness to consider the question of the succession and promote the claims of Lady See also:Catherine Grey.

In 1564, being suspected of intrigues against the See also:

government, he was dismissed from the lord-stewardship and confined to his house, but was restored to favour in December. In See also:March 1566 he went to See also:Padua, but being summoned back by the queen he returned to London accompanied by a large cavalcade on the 17th of April 1567. Next year he served on the See also:commission of inquiry into the charges against Mary, queen of Scots. Subsequently he furthered the marriage of Mary with the duke of See also:Norfolk, his son-in-See also:law, together with the restoration of the Roman Catholic See also:religion and government, and deposition of Elizabeth, in See also:collusion with See also:Spain. He made use of the incident in 1568, of the seizure of treasure at See also:Southampton intended for Philip, as a means of effecting See also:Cecil's overthrow, and urged upon the See also:Spanish government the stoppage of See also:trade. He is described in 1569 to Philip as having " See also:good intentions," " whilst benefiting himself as he was very needy." In See also:January he alarmed Elizabeth by communicating to her a supposed Spanish project for aiding Mary and replacing her on her throne, and put before the queen in See also:writing his own objections to the See also:adoption of extreme measures against her. In June he received with Norfolk and Lumley 6000 crowns from Philip. In September, on the discovery of Norfolk's plot, he was arrested, but not having committed himself sufficiently to.incur the See also:charge of See also:treason in the See also:northern rebellion he escaped See also:punishment, was released in March 1570, and was recalled by See also:Leicester to the council with the aim of embarrassing Cecil. He again renewed his treasonable intrigues, which were at length to some extent exposed by the discovery of the See also:Ridolfi plot in September 1571. He was once more arrested, and not liberated till December 1572 after Norfolk's See also:execution. He died on the 24th of See also:February 1580, and was buried in the See also:chapel at Arundel, where a See also:monument was erected to his memory. He married (1) Catherine, daughter of See also:Thomas Grey, 2nd See also:marquess of See also:Dorset, by whom he had Henry, who predeceased him, and two daughters, of whom Mary married Thomas See also:Howard, 4th duke of Norfolk; and (2) Mary, daughter of See also:Sir See also:John Arundell and See also:dowager countess of See also:Sussex, by whom he had no children.

Arundel was the last earl of his family, the See also:

title at his death passing through his daughter Mary to the Howards. AurrroRITIES.—MS. See also:Life by a contemporary in Royal See also:MSS., See also:British Museum, 17 See also:Aix., printed with notes in Gent. Mag. (1833) (H.), pp. 11, 118, 210, 490; M. A. See also:Tierney, Hist. of Arundel, p. 319; See also:Chronicle of Queen Jane (See also:Camden See also:Soc. 1850) ; See also:Literary Remains of Edward VI. (See also:Roxburghe See also:Club, 1857) ; J. See also:Nichols, Progresses of Queen Elizabeth (1823), i.

74; See also:

Wood, See also:Fasti Oxon.(See also:Bliss), i. 153, 156; Cal. State Papers, See also:Simancas, i. 18, ii. 152, &c., Notes and Queries, 2 See also:Ser. iv. 84, &c.

End of Article: HENRY FITZALAN

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