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LAURENS, HENRY (1724–1792)

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Originally appearing in Volume V16, Page 284 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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LAURENS, See also:HENRY (1724–1792) , See also:American statesman, was See also:born in See also:Charleston, See also:South Carolina, on the 24th of See also:February 1724, of Huguenot ancestry. When sixteen he became a clerk in a counting-See also:house in See also:London, and later engaged in commercial pursuits with See also:great success at Charleston until 1771, when he retired from active business. He spent the next three years travelling in See also:Europe and superintending the See also:education of his sons in See also:England. In spite of his strong See also:attachment to England, and although he had defended the See also:Stamp See also:Act, in 1774, in the See also:hope of averting See also:war, he See also:united with See also:thirty-seven other Americans in a See also:petition to See also:parliament against the passing of the See also:Boston See also:Port See also:Bill. Becoming convinced that a peaceful See also:settlement was impracticable, he returned to Charleston at the See also:close of 1774, and there allied himself with the conservative See also:element of the Whig party. He was soon made See also:president of the South Carolina See also:council of safety, and in 1776 See also:vice-president of the See also:state; in the same See also:year he was sent as a delegate from South Carolina to the See also:general See also:continental See also:congress at See also:Philadelphia, of which See also:body he was president from See also:November 1777 until See also:December 1778. In See also:August 178o he started on a See also:mission to negotiate on behalf of congress a See also:loan of ten million dollars in See also:Holland; but he was captured on the 3rd of See also:September off the See also:Banks of See also:Newfoundland by the See also:British See also:frigate " Vestal," taken to London and closely imprisoned in the See also:Tower. His papers were found to contain a See also:sketch of a treaty between the United States and Holland projected by See also:William See also:Lee, in the service of Congress, and See also:Jan de Neufville, acting on behalf of Mynheer See also:Van Berckel, See also:pensionary of See also:Amsterdam, and this See also:discovery eventually led to war between Great See also:Britain and the United Provinces. During his imprisonment his healfh became greatly impaired. On the 31st of December 1781 he was released on See also:parole, and he was finally exchanged for See also:Cornwallis. In See also:June 1782 he was appointed one of the American commissioners for negotiating See also:peace with Great Britain, but he did not reach See also:Paris until the 28th of November 1782, only two days before the preliminaries of peace were signed by himself, See also:John See also:Adams, See also:Franklin and See also:Jay. On the See also:day of See also:signing, however, he procured the insertion of a clause prohibiting the British from " carrying away any negroes or other See also:property of American inhabitants "; and this subsequently led to considerable See also:friction between the British and American governments.

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account of failing See also:health he did not remain for the signing of the definitive treaty, but returned to Charleston, where he died on the 8th of December 1792. His son, JoxN LAURENS (1754-1782), American revolutionary officer, was born at Charleston, South Carolina, on the 28th of See also:October 1754. He was educated in England, and on his return to See also:America in 1777, in the height of the revolutionary struggle, he joined See also:Washington's See also:staff. He soon gained his See also:commander's confidence, which he reciprocated with the most devoted attachment, and was entrusted with the delicate duties of a confidential secretary, which he performed with much tact and skill. He was See also:present in all Washington's battles, from See also:Brandywine to See also:Yorktown, and his gallantry on every occasion has gained him the See also:title of " the See also:Bayard of the Revolution." Laurens displayed bravery even to rashness in the storming of the Chew See also:mansion at See also:Germantown; at See also:Monmouth, where he saved Washington's See also:life, and was himself severely wounded; and at Coosahatchie, where, with a handful of men, he defended a pass against a large See also:English force under General See also:Augustine See also:Prevost, and was again wounded. He fought a See also:duel against General See also:Charles Lee, and wounded him, on account of that officer's disrespectful conduct towards Washington. Laurens distinguished himself further at See also:Savannah, and at the See also:siege of Charleston in 1780. After the See also:capture of Charleston by the English, he rejoined Washington, and was selected by him as a See also:special See also:envoy to See also:appeal to the See also:king of See also:France for supplies for the See also:relief of the American armies, which had been brought by prolonged service and scanty pay to the See also:verge of See also:dissolution. The more active co-operation of the See also:French fleets with the See also:land forces in See also:Virginia, which was one result of his mission, brought about the disaster of Cornwallis at Yorktown. Laurens lost no See also:time in rejoining the See also:army, and at Yorktown was at the See also:head of an American storming party which captured an advanced See also:redoubt. Laurens was designated with the vicomte de See also:Noailles to arrange the terms of the surrender, which virtually ended the war, although desultory skirmishing, especially in the South, attended the months of delay before peace was formally concluded. In one of these trifling affairs on the 27th of August 1782, on the Combahee See also:river, Laurens exposed himself needlessly and was killed.

Washington lamented deeply the See also:

death of Laurens, saying of him, " He had not a See also:fault that I could discover, unless it were intrepidity bordering upon rashness." The most valuable of Henry Laurens's papers and See also:pamphlets including the important " Narrative of the Capture of Henry Laurens, of his Confinement in the Tower of London, &c., 178o, 1781, 1782," in vol. i. (Charleston, 1857) of the Society's Collections, have been published by the South Carolina See also:Historical Society. John Laurens's military See also:correspondence, with a brief memoir by W. G. See also:Simms, was privately printed by the See also:Bradford See also:Club, New See also:York, in 1867.

End of Article: LAURENS, HENRY (1724–1792)

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